PP318 - Web Links to Further Information
General
Specific diseases / Jump to:
Phytophthora
Root Rot
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/pp/notes/oldnotes/od13.htm
Summary: Phytophthora root rot is a serious, widespread, and difficult-to-control fungal disease
that affects a wide range of
plants in North Carolina.
Plants susceptible to root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi include
azalea, rhododendron,
dogwood, Camellia japonica , Pieris, Taxus (yew), deodar cedar, mountain laurel, heather, juniper, high-bush
blueberries,
Fraser fir, white pine, shortleaf
pine, leucothoe, aucuba, and others. Phytophthora root rot
is favored by high soil moisture
and warm soil temperatures.
It must be prevented, because chemicals often are ineffective in controlling
this disease after
above-ground symptoms become
obvious.
http://www.apsnet.org/education/feature/1225tree/
Summary: This
website from the American Phytopathological Society entitled "The Christmas
Tree: Traditions, Production,
and Diseases" provides an
in-depth discussion of the history of the Christmas tree industry and what
it is like today. It also
discusses various diseases
that affect the industry such as phytophthora root rot, current season needle
necrosis, and
interior needle blight syndrome.
The site ends with a statement about the future of the Christmas tree industry
and a list of
references.
Return to
Phytophthora Root Rot disease profile
Anthracnoses (see also: Dogwood Anthracnose)
http://www2.ncsu.edu:80/unity/lockers/project/pestmngt4/srurban/CHAP4/OPM/chap4.htm
Summary: This
page from Oklahoma State University is a whole chapter providing information
on the types of plant
pathogens, diagnosing plant
diseases, and different techniques for managing plant diseases. Perhaps
the most helpful is
the descriptions and illustrations
of numerous diseases, including foliage diseases such as anthracnoses, leaf
spots, and
powdery mildews.
Return
to anthracnose disease profile
Leaf
Blister & Leaf Spots (incl. Tar Spot)
http://www3.extension.umn.edu/projects/yardandgarden/ygbriefs/p414anthracnosemaple.html
Summary: This
page from the University of Minnesota provides a picture and a brief description
of anthracnose, Phyllosticta
leaf spot, and tar spot.
It also discusses favorable conditions for infection and different measures
of control.
http://www.exnet.iastate.edu./pages/plantpath/oaklb.html
Summary: This site provides a brief description of leaf blister on oak, along with
2 pictures.
Return
to leaf spot, leaf blister, tar spot disease profile
Powdery Mildew
http://ianrwww.unl.edu/pubs/plantdisease/g1321.htm
Summary: This site
provides information on the signs and symptoms of powdery mildew, a list
of common susceptible
species, control measures,
and a listing of fungicides often used for treatment.
http://courses.ncsu.edu/pp318/lec/001/wrap/profiles/pm/pm.html
This page was developed by
a Forest Pathology student to illustrate the various powdery mildew fungi
commonly found in North Carolina.
Return
to powdery mildew disease profile
Fusiform Rust
http://www.forestpests.org/subject.html?SUB=730
Summary: This
site from the USDA Forest Service gives a brief overview of the importance
of fusiform rust, identifying the
fungus, and the life cycle.
It gives a reference for learning about control measures. The page
also includes two pictures
that enlarge to view in greater
detail.
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/fidls/fusiform/fidl-fusi.htm
Summary: This
site from the USDA Forest Service, entitled "Fusiform Rust of Southern Pines",
goes into more detail. It
discusses topics such as hosts,
distribution, life cycle, and control. It provides diagrams and pictures
to go along with the
topics of distribution and
life cycle.
http://www.sfrc.ufl.edu/Extension/bul903.htm
Summary: This
site from the University of Florida has links at the top of the page for 32
topics that it covers below regarding
fusiform rust on southern
pines. It covers the history of the disease, the life cycle, susceptible
species, critical factors for
disease, management, and many
more areas. It contains 9 figures in all, including charts, diagrams,
and pictures.
Return
to Fusiform Rust disease profile
Annosum Root
Rot
http://www.forestpests.org/subject.html?SUB=519
Summary: This
site discusses the importance, symptoms and signs, life cycle, ecological
importance, management
strategies, and spread of
Annosum Root Rot. It contains 3 pictures and a diagram of hazard areas.
http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/pp728/heterobasidion/heterobasidion_annosum.html
Summary: A profile developed by a student in PP728 "Soilborne Plant Pathogens".
Return
to Annosum Root Rot disease profile
Armillaria
Root Rot
http://www.ipm.uiuc.edu/diseases/series600/rpd602/index.html
Summary: This
page from the University of Illinois gives a general overview of Armillaria
(Shoestring) Root Rot, including
control measures and an extensive host list.
http://www3.extension.umn.edu/projects/yardandgarden/ygbriefs/p415armillaria.html
Summary: This
page from the University of Minnesota Extension Service describes the signs
and symptoms of Armillaria
Root Rot, conditions favorable
for infection, and control strategies. It includes two pictures that
enlarge to view in greater
detail.
Return
to Armillaria Root Rot disease profile
Dutch Elm Disease
http://www.fs.fed.us/na/morgantown/fhp/palerts/ded/elm.htm
Summary: This
site from the United States Department of Agriculture provides an in-depth
look at Dutch Elm Disease. It
covers foliage and vascular
symptoms, ways to distinguish the disease from other problems, disease cycle,
spread, various
methods of control, and how
to decide which method to use. It contains some great pictures, including
a large, detailed color
picture of the disease cycle.
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/ptlk/1423.html
Summary: This
page also has some good information on Dutch Elm Disease. It starts
by giving some quick facts,
and then discusses disease
transmission by root grafts and beetles, many different methods of control
that can be used, and
resistant varieties.
http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/dp_hfrr/extensn/problems/dtchelm.htm
Summary: This
site from Kansas State University starts by giving a description of the fungus, Ophiostoma ulmi. It also gives
information on the symptoms
of the disease, pathogen-insect vector relationships, and various recommendations
for control.
Return
to Dutch Elm Disease disease profile
Oak Wilt
http://www.forestpests.org/subject.html?SUB=642
Summary: This
site from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service contains some
good information on oak wilt,
caused by Ceratocystis
fagacearum. It discusses distribution in the United States, hosts,
symptoms on different hosts,
and control practices.
http://www.forestpests.org/southern/Diseases/oakwilt.htm
Summary: This
site from the USDA Forest Service gives a brief overview of the importance
of oak wilt, identifying the fungus,
identifying the injury, biology,
and control.
Return
to Oak Wilt disease profile
Beech Scale
Nectria Canker
http://www.forestpests.org/subject.html?SUB=550
Summary: This
site from the Department of Agriculture Forest Service covers topics such
as history and distribution, disease
pattern, the causal complex,
symptoms and course of the disease, associated organisms, and control.
It also includes 12
pictures illustrating the
text.
Return
to Beech Scale Nectria Canker disease profile
Chestnut
Blight
http://www.forestpests.org/southern/Diseases/chsntblt.htm
Summary: This
site from the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service gives
a brief overview of chestnut blight,
caused by Cryphonectria (Endothia)
parasitica. Topics covered include importance, identifying the fungus,
identifying the
injury, biology, and control.
http://www.ppws.vt.edu/griffin/accf.html
Summary: This
is the American Chestnut Cooperators Foundation web page that is full of information
both on the history of Chestnut Blight and hopeful notes regarding efforts
to restore American chestnut to eastern forests through use of hypovirulent
strains of the fungus, rootstock grafting and other forestry practices.
Return
to Chestnut Blight disease profile
Pitch Canker
http://www.forestpests.org/subject.html?SUB=559
Summary: This
site about pitch canker is from the USDA Forest Service. Topics covered
include importance, identifying
the fungus, identifying the
injury, biology, and control.
Return
to Pitch Canker disease profile
Foliage Diseases
of Conifers
BROWN SPOT DISEASE
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/fidls/br%5Fspot%5Fpines/brown%2Dspot.htm
Summary: US Forest
Service disease note on Brown Spot.
Return
to Brown Spot disease profile
LOPHODERMIUM NEEDLE CAST
http://www.forestpests.org/nursery/lophodermium.html
Summary: University
of Georgia's information sheet on Lophodermium. Includes both the
biology of the pathogen and its control.
http://www.agcom.purdue.edu/AgCom/Pubs/BP/BP-52.html
Summary: This
page from Purdue University is about Lophodermium Needle Cast. It gives
a pretty good description of the
causes of the disease, the
symptoms, and management techniques.
Return
to Lophodermium Needle Cast disease profile
DOTHISTROMA NEEDLE BLIGHT
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/fidls/dothistroma/doth.htm
Summary: Forest
Service's Dothistroma Needle Blight disease pamphlet.
http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/dp_hfrr/extensn/problems/dothist.htm
Summary: This
site from Kansas State University gives an overview of Dothistroma Needle
Blight, caused by Mycosphaerella
pini. It describes
the symptoms and signs, the causes of the disease, and it ends with recommendations
for control.
Return
to Dothistroma Needle Blight disease profile
SOOTY MOLD
http://www3.extension.umn.edu/projects/yardandgarden/ygbriefs/p440sootymold.html
Summary: This
page from the University of Minnesota gives a brief overview of sooty mold.
It discusses symptoms,
common hosts, and control.
There is also one picture that you can enlarge to see in more detail.
Return
to Sooty Mold on Pine disease profile
Return
to Sooty Mold general profile
Mycorrhizae
http://www.ffp.csiro.au/research/mycorrhiza/vam.html
Summary: This
page from CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products in Australia contains an outline
which links to various
topics concerning mycorrhizae.
Each section provides a thorough description, along with some great diagrams
and pictures.
The page also includes a list
of key terminology and links to other web sites.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/mycology/
Summary: This
page is from the Pacific Northwest Reserach station and is a general site
about forest mycology and mycorrhizae. It provides numerous links to helpful
resources, including mycology databases and 26 other web sites.
http://www.forestpests.org/nursery/mycorrhizae.html
Summary: This
is a US Forest Service page titled Mycorrhizae: Benefits and Practical Application
in Forest Tree Nurseries.
Return
to Mycorrhizae profile
Canker Diseases
NECTRIA CANKER
http://www3.extension.umn.edu/projects/yardandgarden/ygbriefs/p431nectria.html
Summary: This
page from the University of Minnesota gives a brief description of nectria
cankers. It lists some common
hosts, explains how cankers
are formed, and suggests some methods to help reduce canker development.
http://www.forestpests.org/subject.html?SUB=570
Summary: This
page from the USDA Forest Service discusses such topics as the importance
of nectria canker, identifying
the fungus, identifying the
injury, biology, and control.
Return
to Nectria Canker disease profile
STRUMELLA CANKER
http://www.forestpests.org/subject.html?SUB=985
Summary: This
page from the USDA Forest Service discusses such topics as the importance
of strumella canker, identifying
the fungus, identifying the
injury, biology, and control.
Return
to Strumella Canker disease profile
BLACK KNOT OF CHERRIES
http://ohioline.ag.ohio-state.edu/hyg-fact/3000/3011.html
Summary: This
page from Ohio State University is titled "Black Knot of Plums and Cherries".
It discusses, in some detail,
topics such as symptoms, causal
organism and disease development, and control. It also contains a
diagram of the disease
cycle of black knot.
Return
to Black Knot of Cherries disease profile
BOTRYOSPHAERIA CANKER
http://www.ag.uiuc.edu/cespubs/hyg/html/200213b.html
Summary: This
site from the University of Illinois gives a brief overview of botryosphaeria
canker. It states the common
hosts and describes the symptoms
and signs that are present.
Return
to Botryosphaeria Canker disease profile
Seed, Nursery,
and Seedling Diseases
DAMPING OFF
http://www.forestpests.org/nursery/dampingoff.html
Summary: This
page gives a thorough overview of damping off. It covers
topics such as hosts, symptoms
and damage, disease development, and disease management. It includes
a table at the
end of environmental conditions
and cultural practices affecting damping-off in container tree nurseries.
This page also
includes 4 pictures to accompany
the text.
http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/nr/fid/widweb/wid-sdis.shtml
Summary: This
page will direct you to links on a variety of seedling diseases found in western
conifer nurseries. Again, it is geared toward growers in the west, but you
will find some familiar pathogens and a number of .pdf files that contain
managment recommendations.
Return
to Damping Off disease profile
BLACK OR CHARCOAL ROOT ROT
http://www.agcom.purdue.edu/AgCom/Pubs/BP/BP-42.html
Summary: This
site focuses on charcoal root rot as it applies to soybeans, but it does discuss
the symptoms and signs
involved with this disease,
the disease cycle, and different measures of control.
Return
to Black Root Rot disease profile
Return
to Cylindrocladium Foliage Blight disease profile
Gymnosporangium
Rusts
http://www.ianr.unl.edu/pubs/plantdisease/g1327.htm
Summary: This
site goes into detail about cedar-apple rust. It discusses the symptoms
that are found on both Juniperus
hosts and apples, and it provides
an illustrated disease cycle. Other related rusts such as hawthorn
rust and quince rust are
described briefly. Control
methods are discussed thoroughly, and tables are included with information
on resistant species
and fungicides for rust control.
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/may99.html
Summary: Gymnosporangium
juniperi-virginianae, the cause of cedar-apple rust, was Tom Volk's Fungus
of the Month for
May 1999. He gives an
overview of the fungus, and then goes step by step through it's life cycle.
He also describes some
other common rusts, including
white pine blister rust.
Return
to Gymnosporangium disease profile
Pine-Oak Gall
Rust
http://www.forestpests.org/subject.html?SUB=731
Summary: This
page from the USDA Forest Service covers topics such as importance, identifying
the fungus, identifying
the injury, biology, and control
of eastern gall rust (pine-oak gall rust).
http://www.extension.umn.edu/projects/yardandgarden/ygbriefs/P426pinegallrusts.html
Summary: This
site from the University of Minnesota extension discusses the hosts, disease
cycle, and control
of pine-oak gall rust.
Return
to Pine-Oak Gall Rust disease profile
Pine Needle Rust
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Pages/plantpath/needle.html
Summary: This
page from Iowa State University contains two pictures, and briefly explains
the signs, disease cycle,
and the effects of pine needle
rust.
Return
to Pine Needle Rust disease profile
Comandra
Blister Rust
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/fidls/comandra/comandrafidl.htm
Summary: This
web site from the USDA Forest Service goes into great detail about Comandra
Blister Rust. It starts with a
general overview of the disease,
and then goes on to discuss range and hosts, life cycle and spread, damage,
symptoms,
factors affecting outbreaks,
and control recommendations. It contains a number of images to help
illustrate the text.
Return
to Comandra Blister Rust disease profile
Southern
Cone Rust
http://www.forestpests.org/subject.html?SUB=849
Summary: This
page from the USDA Forest Service discusses such topics as the importance
of southern cone rust,
identifying the fungus, identifying
the injury, biology, and control.
Return
to Southern Cone Rust disease profile
White Pine Blister
Rust
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/howtos/ht_wpblister/toc.htm
Summary: This
is a copy of the Forest Service publication on how to identify and control
white pine blister rust.
http://ppathw3.cals.cornell.edu/Trees/WPBRust.html
Summary: Cornell
University's information page on white pine blister rust. Gives a general
summary and disease cycle.
Return
to White Pine Blister Rust disease profile
Littleleaf
Disease
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/fidls/littleleaf/fidl-ll.htm
Summary: This
page from the USDA Forest Service starts with an introduction to littleleaf
disease and it's importance. A
diagram of the distribution
is given. The page continues with symptoms, disease biology, hazard
rating, and management
alternatives.
Return
to Littleleaf disease profile
Dogwood Anthracnose
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/howtos/ht_dogwd/ht_dog.htm
Summary: This
page from the Department of Agriculture also contains information on dogwood
anthracnose. It gives an
overview of anthracnose, what
the symptoms are, the history of the disease, information on it's spread
in the South, and
some essential steps to prevent/control
dogwood anthracnose. The pictures provided for each symptom allow
you to click
and view a larger image.
It ends with a pesticide precautionary statement.
http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/plantdiseasefs/450-611/450-611.html
Summary: This
page from the Virginia Cooperative Extension covers four foliar diseases of
dogwoods: spot anthracnose,
Discula anthracnose (Dogwood
anthracnose), Septoria leaf spot, and powdery mildew. Concerning
Discula anthracnose,
it discusses symptoms, cycle,
cultural control, chemical control, and resistance. Four pictures are
provided to supplement
the text.
http://www.ipm.msu.edu/CAT00_land/L05-05-00.htm#3
Summary: This
archived page (from a 2000 on-line article) from Michigan State University
Extension discusses the symptoms of
dogwood anthracnose, such as necrotic leaf spots, cankers,
and twig dieback. It also covers effective methods of control, and
names
some common fungicides that are used for
control.
http://gardening.wsu.edu/library/lpro003/lpro003.htm
Summary: This
web site from Washington State University also discusses the symptoms and
control methods for dogwood
anthracnose. It contains
pictures of three of the most common symptoms.
Return
to Dogwood Anthracnose disease profile
Wood Decay
http://courses.ncsu.edu/pp318/lec/001/wrap/campus_field_trip/fieldtrip_imagemap.htm
Summary: This
web site was designed to aid students at North Carolina State University in
finding various diseases around
campus. A campus map
is provided with links to individual disease profiles, containing a description
of the disease and
various pictures. For
wood decay, the disease we would be most interested in is heart rot.
http://www.extension.umn.edu/projects/yardandgarden/ygbriefs/P443wooddecay.html
Summary: University
of Minnesota's extension information page on wood decay. Very general, but
a good overview.
Return
to Wood Decay disease profile
Symptoms
and Signs of Plant Disease
http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/focus/chlorosis.html
Summary: This
page ,titled "Chlorosis", describes the causal agents and hosts, symptoms,
and common methods of
treatment for chlorosis.
It also has links to some other common disease topics.
http://www.caf.wvu.edu/bark/cankerdiseases.htm
Summary: This
web site from West Virginia University provides information about canker diseases
of woody angiosperms
and gymnosperms. Besides
describing many of the common cankers, the site also covers many other topics
dealing with
cankers.
Return
to Symptoms and Signs disease profile
Oomycota
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chromista/oomycota.html
Summary:
This page is an introduction to the Oomycota. It gives an overview
of what oomycetes are, their structure, how
they survive, and why they are
important. It also explains how some parasitic water molds have damaged
fish and many
crop plants. Links to help
find other information about oomycetes are provided.
http://www.apsnet.org/education/LabExercises/Oomycetes/Top.html
Summary: A lab exercise designed by members of the American
Phytopathological Society. Before you get to the exercise, there is a lot
of great introductory information on this group of fungus-like organisms.
Return
to the Oomycetes disease profile
Abiotic Disorders and Injury
http://www.forestpests.org/subject.html?SUB=758
Summary:
A brief note on symptoms and causes of air pollution damage to plants, by the U.S. Forest Service. They also have a webpage that addresses herbicide damage on trees.
http://extension.orst.edu/benton/fortreedisease.html
Summary: A publicationout of Oregon by a Willamette Valley Extension agent. This is more like a disease note or the county agent's synopsis of much of the information available to small woodland owners in the West. While specifics are tailored for western landowners, many of the concepts apply here in the Southeast as well.
http://www.agnr.umd.edu/users/hgic/diagn/flow/environ_yellow.html
Summary: A page on various environmental
stresses that can result in discoloration and chlorosis of plants (primarily
horticultural) put out by the University of Maryland and the Maryland Cooperative
Extension.
Return
to the Abiotic Disorders and Injury profile
Parasitic Higher Plants
http://www.bio.vu.nl/vakgroepen/plantecologie/weeds/geninf.html
Summary:
A brief and very general introduction to the botanical and ecological aspects of parasitic higher plants.
http://www.parasiticplants.siu.edu
Summary: A web-site out of Southern Illinois University, covers the life-cycle and natural history of mistletoe and many other parasitic plants.
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/fidls/ed%20mistletoe/ed_mistletoe.pdf
Summary: The USDA Forest Service
Insect and Disease Leaflet (#NA-PR-04-06) covers incidence and management of Eastern
dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobiun pusillum) on black spruce. Nicely illustrated.
http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/CoopExt/TRA/dodder.html
Summary: A brief extension service
publication out of Colorado State that addresses the biology and control
of dodder.
Return
to the Parasitic Higher Plants disease profile
This
page was last updated on 31 January 2008 by M.J. Munster
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