PP530 Reading Material

Introduction to class, food and people

Hardin, G. 1968. The Tragedy of the Commons. Science 162:1243-1248. 

Hardin, G. 1996. Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor. Pages 5-15 in: W. Aiken ed., World Hunger and Morality, Prentice Hall Inc., N J. 

Mann, C. 1997. Reseeding the Green Revolution. Science 277:1038-1043. 

Rolston, H. 1996. Feeding People Versus Saving Nature. Pages 248-267 in: W. Aiken, ed. World Hunger and Morality, Prentice Hall Inc., N J. 

Case study: How to write and analyze a case study 

Ethical Theory

Peach, L. 1995. An Introduction to Ethical Theory. Pages 13-26 in: R. L. Penslar ed., Research Ethics: Cases and Materials. Indiana Univ. Press, Bloomington. 

Rachels, J. 1986. The Elements of Moral Philosophy. McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York. Chapters 1,2,4,5,13 

Regan, T. 1993. New Introductory Essays in Moral Philosophy. Pages 1-29 in: T. Regan ed., Matters of Life and Death. McGraw Hill, NY. 

Case study: Sierra Club population issue 

The Atmosphere - Ozone Depletion and Methyl Bromide

Ristaino, J. B. and Thomas, W. 1997. Agriculture, Methyl Bromide, and the Ozone hole: Can We Fill the Gaps. Plant Dis. 81:964-977. 

Ozone Depletion:20 Years after the Alarm. Chem. Eng. News 33:8-13. 

Case study - Methyl bromide, Inc 

The Land - Sustainable Agriculture

Pretty, J. 1995. Sustainable Agriculture. Pages 1-25 in: Regenerating Agriculture. Joseph Henry Press, Washington, DC. 

Koenig, R. L. and Baker, B. 2002. US National Organics Program Standards:Implications for Research. APSNet.org/online/feature/organic.

Leopold, A. 1949. The Land Ethic. Pages 201-226 in:A Sand County Almanac. Oxford University Press, New York. 

Case study - The mislabel of the label - The National Organic Standards Rule 

Ecologically Based Pest Management-Biocontrol

Altieri, M. A., Rosset, P. M., and Nicholls, C. I. 1997. Biological Control and Agricultural Modernization: Towards Resolution of Some Contradictions. Agric. Human Values 14: 303-310. 

Gabriel, C. J., and Cook, R. J. 1990. Biological control - the Need for a New Scientific Framework. BioScience 40:204-206. 

Garcia, R., L. E. Caltagirone, and A. P. Gutierrez. 1988. Comments on a Redefinition of Biocontrol. Bioscience 38:692-694. 

Lockwood, J. A. 1996. The Ethics of Biological Control: Understanding the Moral Implications of our Most Powerful Ecological Technology. Agric. Human Values 13:2-19. 

Louda, S. Ecological Effects of an Insect Introduced for the Biocontrol of Weeds. Science 277:1088-1090. 

Strong, D.R. 1997. Fear No Weevil. Science 277:1058-1059. 

Case study - The risk of low risk control 

Plants - Biodiversity

Chapin, F. S., Walker, B. Hobbs, R. J., Hooper, D. V., Lawton, J. H., Sala, O. E., and Tilman, D. 1997. Biotic control over the functions of ecosystems. Science 277:500-504. 

Shand, H. 1991. There is a Conflict between Intellectual Property Rights and the Rights of Farmers in Developing Countries. J. Agr. Env. Ethics 4:131-142. 

Tilman, D., Knops, J., Wedin, D., Reich, P., Ritchie, M., and Siemann, E. 1997. The Influence of Functional Diversity and Composition on Ecosystem Processes. Science 277:1300-1302. 

Wilson, E. O. 1988. The Current State of Biological Diversity. Pages 3-18 in: Wilson, E. O. and Peter, F. M. eds, Biological Diversity. National Academy Press. Washington, DC. 

Case study - Third World Rights 

Plants - Biotechnology -Dr. Fred Gould, Dept. Entomology

Institute for Food Technologists. 1996. Appropriate oversight for plants with inherited traits for resistance to pests. 

Marois, J., Grieshop, J. I., and Butler, L. J. 1991. Environmental Risks and Benefits of Agricultural Biotechnology. Pages 67-79 in: B. R. Baumgardt, and M. A.. Martin, eds., Agricultural Biotechnology: Issues and Choices. Purdue University Agric. Exp. Sta., West Lafayette, ID. (On reserve shelf at DH Hill Library). 

Fraley, R. 1992. Sustaining the Food Supply. Biotechnology 10:40-43. 

Reiss, M. J., and Straughan, R. 1996. The Genetic Engineering of Plants. Pages 131-164 in: Improving nature? The Science and Ethics of Genetic Engineering. Cambridge Univ. Press. (On reserve shelf at DH Hill Library). 

Case study - Plant Liberation 

Crop Biosecurity

Water -Concentrated Animal Field Operations, Nutrients, and Pfeisteria in the Neuse: The role of scientists in the debate. Dr. JoAnn Burkholder - Dept. of Botany

Burkholder, J. M., Mallin, M. A., Glasgow,H. B., Larsen, L. M., McIver, M. R., Shank,G. C,. Deamer-Melia, N., Briley, D.S., Springer, J., Touchette,B. W. and Hannon, E. K. 1997. Impacts to a coastal river and estuary from rupture of a large swine waste holding lagoon. J. Environ. Quality 26:1451-1466 http://www.ncsu.edu/wq/ftp/ristaino/1997impacts.pdf

Lang, J. 1998. Nations Livestock Waste Poses Massive Problem. News and Observer, Saturday April 25. 

Mallin, M. A. 2000. Impacts of industrial animal production on rivers and estuaries. Amer. Sci. 88:2-13. http://www.ncsu.edu/wq/ftp/ristaino/Mallin_et_al_2000.pdf.

Schiffer, J. and Clabby, C. 1997. Testing the Waters. News and Observer. Sunday Sept. 21. 

Worster, D. 1984. Thinking like a River. Pages 56-67 in W. Berry, W. Jackson, and B. Coleman, eds., Meeting the Expectations of the Land. North Point Press. 

Pesticides

Carson, R. 1962. Elixers of Death. Pages 24-43 in: Silent Spring, Fawcett Cress, NY. 

Fry, W. E. and Goodwin, S. B. 1997. Resurgence of the Irish Potato Famine Fungus. Bioscience 47:363-371. 

Shrader-Frechette, K. 1991. Pesticide Policies and Ethics. Pages 426-435 in: C. V. Blatz ed., Ethics and Agriculture, University of Idaho Press, Moscow. 

Witte, W. 1998. Medical Consequences of Antibiotic Use in Agriculture. Science 279:996-997. 

Van den Bosch, R. 1978. The Pesticide Treadmill. Pages 17-35 in: The Pesticide Conspiracy. Doubleday and Co., NY. 

Case study - Resistance to resistance 

Risk Assessment, Food Quality Protection Act, Endocrine System Disruption

Gewirth, A. 1980. Human Rights and the Prediction of Cancer. Amer. Phil. Quarterly 17:117-125. 

McLachlan, J. A. and Arnold, S. F. Environmental Estrogens. Amer. Sci. 84:452-461. 

Winter, C. 1994. Lawmakers should Recognize Uncertainties in Risk Assessment. California Agriculture. Jan-Feb. 21-29. 

Case study- Hormone havoc 

Animal Rights Dr. Gary Comstock, Dept. of Philosophy

Regan, T. 1885. The Case for Animal Rights. Pages 13-26 in P. Singer ed., In Defense of Animals. Blackwell, New York. 

Singer, Peter. 1975. All Animals are Equal. Pages 1-26 in: Animal Liberation. Avon, NY. 

Varner, G. A Lecture on Animal Rights v Animal Welfare. http://www-phil.tamu.edu/~gary/awvar/lecture/index.html. 

Case study- Gary Varner's General Agricultural Practices Case Studuies
http://www-phil.tamu.edu/~gary/awvar/index.htm

Research Ethics

Alberts, B., and Shine, K. 1994. Scientists and the Integrity of Research. Science 266:1660-1661. 

Blumenstyck, G. 1998. Conflict of Interest Fears Rise as Universities Chase Industry Support. Chron. Higher Educ. 44:41-43. 

Woodward, J. and Goodstein, D. 1996. Conduct, Misconduct, and the Structure of Science. American Sci. 84: 479-490. 

Case study - Dr. Grandstand's unveiling 

Developing Environmental Policy

Ausebel, J. H. 1996. Can Technology Spare the Earth. American Sci. 84:166-178. 

Myers, N. 1997. Consumption: Challenges to Sustainable Development 276:53-55. 

Vincent, J. R. and Panayotou, T. 1997. Consumption: Challenges to Sustainable Development or Distraction. Science 276:53-57. 

Case study - Greenkeeper meets the press