subkingdom Eumetazoa

  phylogenetic group Bilateria

      subgroup Protostomia

sub-subgroup Ecdysozoa

(Taxa Required for ZO 150)

• phylum Nematoda

• phylum Tardigrada

• phylum Onychophora

 
• phylum Arthropoda
 
• subphylum Chelicerata

 
• class Arachnida
• order Aranea
• order Acari
• order Opiliones
• order Scorpionida

 
• class Merostomata

• subphylum Mandibulata
The following four classes have traditionally been recognized as belonging to the subphylum Crustacea, which now has uncertain validity.  Recent molecular studies indicate that the crustaceans are paraphyletic, in that some of them are more closely related to insects than to other crustaceans.  Consistent with your textbook, we will deal with the "crustacean" classes at an equal level with other arthropod classes and not use the crustaceans as a formal taxon.
 
• class Branchiopoda

 
• class Cirripedia

 
• class Copepoda

 
• class Malacostraca
• order Decapoda
• order Amphipoda
• order Isopoda

 
• class Myriapoda
• subclass Chilopoda
• subclass Diplopoda

• class Insecta
• subclasses of wingless insects

The following subclass + order names are not required, except for Field Trip Faunal List in lab:
bristletails - Archaeognatha, Microcoryphia
springtails - Oligoentomata, Collembola
silverfish - Zygoentomata, Thysanura
 
• subclass of winged insects (scientific name, Pterygota, not required)

groupings of orders:
• gradual metamorphosis - insects with wing pads that get larger as they grow, and lacking a pupal stage.
• insects with aquatic larvae that are shaped differently from terrestrial adults - dragonflies, mayflies, stoneflies (formerly, incomplete metamorphosis or hemimetabolous)
  
• insects with very little change in shape or habitat between juvenile and  adult stages: roaches, grasshoppers, termites, true bugs (formerly, gradual metamorphosis or pauromeabolous)
  
• complete metamorphosis (or holometabolous) - insects with a pupal stage and major changes in shape and ecology at metamorphosis:  moths and butterflies, true flies, beetles, ants, bees and wasps


The following order (common) names, all members of the subclass Pterygota, are not required, except for Field Trip Faunal List in lab:

 
gradual metamorphosis
dragonflies, damselfies - Odonata
mayflies - Ephemeroptera
stoneflies - Plecoptera
earwigs - Dermaptera
cicadas, leaf hoppers, aphids - Homoptera
"true" bugs ... water bugs, assassin bugs, ladybugs, water striders, water scorpions, water boatmen, backswimmers - Hemiptera
wood roaches, cockroaches - Blattodea
crickets, katydids, grasshoppers - Orthoptera
praying mantis - Mantodea
termites - Isoptera

complete metamorphosis
lacewings, ant lions - Neuroptera
beetles ... bess beetles, ladybird beetles, June bugs, diving beetles, water scavenger beetles, click beetles, tiger beetles, scarab beetles, grubs, wireworms, etc. - Coleoptera
moths, butterflies, caterpillars, webworms, inchworms, corn earworms - Lepidoptera
caddisflies - Trichoptera
flies, gnats, midges, mosquitoes, deer flies, crane flies, house flies - Diptera
hellgrammites, dobsonflies, alderflies - Megaloptera
bees, wasps, ants, yellow jackets - Hymenoptera

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Last modified on  May 25, 2004