Guide to Lecture Textbook Readings

(NOT YET REVISED -STILL APPLIES TO 5TH TEXT EDITION RATHER THAN THE CURRENT, 6TH EDITION.  CHAPTER NUMBERS HAVE CHANGED, BUT MUCH OF THIS INFORMATION IS USEFUL FOR USING THE LATER EDITION, TOO.

Campbell, Reece, and Mitchell  "Biology"  5th (older) edition

To study these topics, you will need to go a bit deeper than just learning definitions of the terms in the lists.  Pay special attention to the lists below.  Read carefully what is said about each term or concept in the textbook, and relate it to points of emphasis in the lectures.

• For example, it is important to know not only that prokaryotes are organisms which lack a nuclear membrane around their DNA, but also that they are entirely unicellular, lack most organelles, have very limited means of locomotion, do not undergo organized meiosis or mitosis, and cannot engulf food particles.
• These contrasts are not explicit in the lists, but are covered in the lecture on contrasts between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
• On the other hand, topics more appropriate to a cell biology course, such as cytological techniques, membrane ultrastructure, and contrasts in organic chemicals other than cellulose and chitin are not covered in ZO 150.

• Important topics from Chapter 7
• prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells
• cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes, cell membranes, cell walls
• nucleus, nuclear membrane, diploid and haploid
• mitosis and meiosis
• mitochondrion, chloroplast, flagellum, cilium, ameboid movement

 
• Important topics from Chapter 25
• Tables 25.1 and 25.2
• NOTICE that the number of years since the beginning of the Paleozoic in Campbell differs from the number given in the back flyleaf of Hickman; you should learn the number in Campbell.
• FIGURES 25.8, 25.9, and 25.15 (other figures are helpful!)
• section on phylogeny and systematics through p. 480
• section on cladistic analysis, including new, molecular evidence for relationships, p. 482-485
• (phylogeny, systematics, and cladistics are also covered in Hickman's Chapter 3)

 
• Important topics from Chapter 26
• FIGURE 26.10
• number of kingdoms and their names
• how they differ from the old, 5-kingdom system

 
• Important topics from Chapter 27
• major cytological (not biochemical) features of prokaryotic cells
• prokaryote kingdoms = domains
• ecological-metabolic categories of bacteria:
• chemoautotroph
• photoautotroph (especially cyanobacteria = blue green algae)
• absorptive heterotroph
• beneficial and harmful roles of bacteria in ecosystems and human health

 
• Important topics from Chapter 28
• theory of two-stage evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes
• the kingdom Archezoa is particularly relevant
• trends in cytological contrasts among kingdoms
• such as flagella, cilia, chloroplasts, internal membranes, and cell walls
• unicellular colonial versus multicellular, trend toward more complex multicellularity
• compare and contrast three forms of unicellular eukaryote locomotion
• diversity of ways of obtaining energy and their distribution among kingdoms
• ingestive heterotrophy (phagocytosis)
• absorptive heterotrophy
• decomposers, pathogens and parasites
• photoautotrophy
• mixotrophy
• combines photoautotrophy with ingestive heterotrophy
• that many flagellates and amebas are now placed in kingdoms other than the ten we will study

(see Web Site "Tree of Life" for more information, but this is not required.)
• contrasts in cell diversity among kingdoms
• some have only unicellular members
• some have both unicellular and multicellular members
• Animalia has only multicellular members (so far)
• examples of inter-kingdom mutualisms (see also ZO 150 Web site on Classification)
• mycorrhizae . . . seed plants and soil fungi
• coral animals and photosynthetic zooxanthellae (Alveolata)
• termites or ruminant mammals and gut bacteria (Bacteria), ciliates (Alveolata), and flagellates (various unnamed kingdoms)
• rhizobia . . . leguminous plants and nitrogen-fixing, rhizobial bacteria
• lichens . . . fungi and either cyanobacteria (Bacteria) or green algae (Plantae)
• submarine vent worms and chemoautotrophic archaeans
• current concepts of phylogenetic relationships among kingdoms
• choanoflagellate theory of fungus and animal origins

 
• Important topics from Chapters 29 and 30
• consequences and benefits of cellulose cell walls
• alternation of haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte generations
• in algae, mosses, ferns, and seed plants
• origin of land plants from green algae
• groupings of plants by fluid transport ability (= vascular tissue) and reproductive features
• unicellular solitary and colonial ("green algae") versus multicellular (older concept of "plants")
• haploid phase dominant (algae and mosses) versus diploid phase dominant
• non-vascular (mosses) versus vascular land plants
• seedless (ferns) versus seed plants
(in Chapter 30)
• naked-seed (gymnosperms) versus covered-seed (angiosperms) plants
• coevolution of mutualisms between plants and animals

 
• Important topics from Chapter 31
• chitin cell walls in (almost) all fungi
• coenocytic condition, haploid-multinucleate
• form diversity of fungi
• molds and rusts
• mushrooms
• yeasts
• shelf fungi
• parasitic and pathogenic fungi
• mutualisms called lichens and mycorrhizae
• positive and negative economic values of fungi
• relationship and contrasts between fungi and animals

 
• Chapters 32-34
• almost everything

(To resolve differences in classification and phylogeny between the text, laboratory usage, and the videotaped lectures, go to Taxa Required for ZO 150.)

Go to ZO 150 C Home Page

Last modified on January 6, 2003