Ultimate:
2. A specific sensory cue, called a ________ ___________ by ethologists, induces a particular stereotyped response called a ________ _________ __________. (1)
3. The field of ethology grew out of work by European scientists. 2 of 3 individuals who were largely responsible for this and who shared the Nobel Prize in 1973 are: (1)
4. Assume you have become fascinated by the behavior of a newly discovered species of wolf, Canus lupus wolfpackiensis. This wolf is known to take great gambles on the playing field and shows other remarkable behaviors. Based on Tinbergen's four approaches, list the 4 questions you would ask to study the behavior of this animal: (2)
5. True or False: The following were major concepts Charles Darwin
used to develop his theory of evolution: (1.5)
_________ Organisms over produce but their numbers remain fairly constant
because of environmental limitations.
_________ Individual variation is the raw material upon which natural
selection operates.
_________ Individual variation is due to inherited variability.
_________ Genes are the unit of inheritance.
_________ Evolution requires a very long time span.
_________ The phenotypic characteristics of an organism can be transferred
to another organism by gene transfer techniques.
7. An important organ of the avian or mammalian body that is bilaterally
symmetrical but shows lateralization (specialization of functions on one
side) is the: (0.5)
______________ .
8. Many anatomical structures in the avian or mammalian brain are sexually dimorphic. List two. _____________________ _______________________. (1)
9. Several peptides act as neurotransmitters to modulate neuronal action in the CNS. List two. (1)
10. True/False (1)
_____ Hormones are more effective if released as pulses rather than
at a constant rate.
_____ Estrogen is secreted by the anterior pituitary into the circulation.
_____ Following an aggressive encounter between two male monkeys,
the concentration of circulating testosterone often rises in the victor.
_____ Hormones affect behavior and behavior affects hormones.
_____ Alterations in serotonin blood concentrations may affect aggression
in animals & humans.
11. Indicate the changes in blood concentration of hormone levels as a rat approaches the estrous state of its ovarian cycle: (circle the correct direction) (2)
Estradiol - rises / falls / no change
Luteinizing hormone - rises / falls / no change
Progesterone - rises / falls / no change
Corticosterone - rises / falls / no change
12. The following terms are in alphabetical order. Write them in an order that reflects the sequence of action or interaction due to an environmental stressor: (Use arrows or plus and minus signs.) (3)
Adrenal cortex, Adrenal medulla, ACTH, Anterior Pituitary, Autonomic
nervous system, Brain, Corticosterone, Environmental Stress, Norepinephrine,
Sensory receptor,