Currently there are four active projects in the forest entomology program. First, we are investigating the host/insect interactions of the balsam woolly adelgid in natural stands and plantations of Fraser fir to select for host resistance. Second, the hemlock woolly adelgid project is also researching  host resistance factors in both eastern and Carolina hemlocks. These first two projects are part of the Alliance for Saving Threatened Forests  (http://www.threatenedforests.org), an organization that has the long-term goal of breeding adelgid resistance into firs and hemlocks for the Christmas tree industry, the ornamentals industry, and natural forests. Third, the southern pine beetle project is investigating the devolopment of the insect in non-traditional hosts such as white pine, and the impact global change and forest fragmentation may have on the insects host and geographic ranges.   Finally, the Christmas tree IPM project is concerned with the development of cultural practices that will encourage both native and introduced natural enemy populations.  For all  of the above projects we are working closely with the Insect Rearing Education and Research Program to develop artificial diets for specific insects and natural enemies.