Host/insect interactions of the balsam woolly adelgid in natural stands and plantations of Fraser fir to select for host resistance. Second, the hemlock woolly adelgid project is also researching  host resistance factors in both eastern and Carolina hemlocks. These first two projects are part of the Alliance for Saving Threatened Forests  (http://www.threatenedforests.org), an organization that has the long-term goal of breeding adelgid resistance into firs and hemlocks for the Christmas tree industry, the ornamentals industry, and natural forests.  The devolopment of the southern pine beetle in non-traditional hosts such as white pine, and the impact global change and forest fragmentation may have on the insects host and geographic ranges.