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Dr. Candace Haigler
Candace H. Haigler
Professor of Crop Science and Plant Biology
Cellulose Biology and Biotechnology


4405 Williams Hall
Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695
Phone: (919) 515-5645 
Fax: (919) 515-5315
candace_haigler@ncsu.edu

Courses taught:

Plant Form and Function Fall 2004
Curriculum Vitae
 

Research Interests:

The research in my laboratory centers on cellulose synthesis and the assembly of plant cell walls, particularly the secondary walls of cotton fibers and tracheary elements. Knowledge gained from these systems is expected to be applicable to improvement of cellulose biomass crops, such as wood, forage crops, and agricultural residues. An underlying theme of the research is the effort to achieve a better understanding of fundamental processes in plant biology as a foundation for production of value-added crops through genetic engineering or marker-assisted breeding.
Cellulose is the world's most abundant renewable material, and it exists with plant cell walls as crystalline fibrils. Its biogenesis is essentially a nanoscale structural manufacturing process with multiple levels of control (genetic, hormonal, biochemical, metabolic, cellular, and biophysical), and we still have much to learn about the details. We are especially interested in cotton fiber because, uniquely among plants, its secondary wall contains almost 100% cellulose. Cotton fiber is used intact for textiles and filler materials, and chemical cellulose purified from cotton fiber is a foundation for many industries.We are interested in 21st century strategies to produce improved materials from cotton fiber, as well as in traditional quality parameters such as strength and fiber maturity. Our research is an integral part of the emerging transition to viewing cotton fiber, not as a bulk commodity, but instead as a higher value material grown from different genetic stocks for product-specific requirements.Research in the Haigler lab is achieved through a unification of techniques including bioinformatics, genomics, molecular genetics, reverse genetics in the model plant Arabidopsis, fluorescence and electron microscopy, biochemistry, physiology, and plant transformation. Collaborators are sought whenever necessary to contribute expertise over this broad range.

A tracheary element of Zinnia elegans differentiating in culture; this cell system is used as a model for wood formation.
Cotton fiber developing on cultured ovules is used in research on the molecular biology, biochemistry, and cell biology of cellulose synthesis.



Teaching Expertise:
At NCSU: Plant Form and Function, discussion and laboratory, for graduate students.

At Texas Tech, I taught Developmental Plant Anatomy for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, Research Techniques in Electron Microscopy for graduate students (and occasional advanced undergraduate students), Introductory Biology of Plants for non-major undergraduate students, a portion of Integrated Science for Honors students, and Tech Transitions for freshmen students.

Current Projects:

  • Molecular genetic/genomic analysis of the control of cotton fiber development with emphasis on secondary wall cellulose synthesis.
  • Reverse genetics in Arabidopsis as a tool for understanding function of potential novel proteins involved in cellulose synthesis.
  • Development of microwave-based methods for accurate electron microscopic immunolocalization in whole Arabidopsis tissues.
  • Immunolocalization of proteases in differentiating Arabidopsis xylem.
  • In collaboration with colleagues, N. Robertson and J. Brown, development of a virus-induced gene silencing system for cotton.

Publications:(Last Five Years)

Haigler, C.H. In Press, 2006. Establishing the cellular and biophysical context of cellulose synthesis. In: T. Hayashi, ed. The Science and Lore of the Plant Cell Wall: Biosynthesis, Structure and Function, Universal Publishers: BrownWalker Press

Udall JA, Swanson JM, Haller K, Rapp RA, Sparks ME, Hatfield J, Yu Y, Wu Y, Dowd C, Arpat AB, Sickler BA, Wilkins TA, Guo JY, Chen XY, Scheffler J, Talierco E, Turley R, McFadden H, Payton P, Allen R, Zhang D, Haigler C, Wilkerson C, Suo J, Schulze SR, Pierce ML, Essenberg M, Kim H, Llewellyn DJ, Dennis ES, Kudrna D, Wing R, Paterson AH, Soderlund C, Wendel JF. In press, 2006. A global assembly of cotton ESTs. Genome Research

Singh B, Haley L, Nightengale J, Kang WH, Haigler CH, Holaday AS. 2005. Long-term night chilling of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, does not result in reduced CO2 assimilation. Functional Plant Biology32: 655-666

Haigler, C.H., Zhang, D., Wilkerson, C.G. 2005. Biotechnological improvement of cotton fiber maturity. Physiologia Plantarum 124: 285-294.

Roberts, A.W., Frost, A.O., Roberts, E.M., and Haigler, C.H. 2004. Roles of microtubules and cellulose microfibril assembly in the localization of secondary cell wall synthesis in developing tracheary elements. Protoplasma 224: 217-229.

Martin, L.K. and C.H. Haigler. 2004. Cool temperature hinders flux from glucose to sucrose during cellulose synthesis in secondary wall stage cotton fibers. Cellulose 11: 339-349.

Zhang, D., M. Hrmova, C.-H. Wan, C. Wu, J. Balzen, W. Cai, J. Wang, L.D. Densmore, G.B. Fincher, H. Zhang and C.H. Haigler. 2004. Members of a new group of chitinase-like genes are expressed preferentially in cotton cells with secondary walls. Plant Molecular Biology 54:353-372.

Kiedaisch, B.M., Blanton, R. L., Haigler, C. H. 2003. Characterization of a novel cellulose synthesis inhibitor. Planta 217: 922-930.

Haigler CH. 2003. Progress and emerging questions in understanding cellulose biogenesis. Proceedings, Vol. 1: 12th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Univ. Wisconsin-Madison, pp. 9-16.

Salnikov, V., Grimson, M.J., Seagull, R.W., Haigler, C.H. 2003. Localization of sucrose synthase and callose in freeze substituted, secondary wall stage, cotton fibers. Protoplasma 221: 175-184.

Delmer, D.P. and Haigler, C.H. 2002. The regulation of metabolic flux to cellulose, a major sink for carbon in plants. Metabolic Engineering 4: 22-28

Babb, V.M. and Haigler, C.H. 2001. Sucrose phosphate synthase activity rises in correlation with high-rate cellulose synthesis in three heterotrophic systems. Plant Physiology 127: 1234-1242.

Haigler, C.H., Babb. V.M., Hwang, S., and Salnikov, V.V. 2001. Regulation of cellulose biosynthesis in developing xylem. In Molecular Breeding of Woody Plants, N Morohoshi and A Komamine, eds, Elsevier Science B.V.: Amsterdam, pp. 1 – 9.

Haigler, C.H., M. Ivanova-Datcheva, P. S. Hogan, V. V. Salnikov, S. Hwang, L. K. Martin, and Delmer, D.P. 2001. Carbon partitioning to cellulose synthesis. Plant Molecular Biology 47: 29-51.

Salnikov, V.V, Grimson, M.J., Delmer, D.P., and Haigler, C.H. 2001. Sucrose synthase localizes to cellulose synthesis sites in tracheary elements. Phytochemistry 57: 823-833.

Haigler, C.H., Cai, W.X., Gannaway, J.G., Grimson, M.J., Hequet, E.F., Holaday, A.S., Huang, J.-Y., Jaradat, T.T., Jividen, G.J., Krieg, D.R., Martin, L.K., Nagarur, S., Salnikov, V.V., Strauss, R.E., Tummala, J., Wan, C.H., Wu, C., Wyatt, B.G., and Zhang, H. 2000. Optimizing secondary wall synthesis in cotton fibers. In: C.R. Benedict, ed., Genetic Control of Cotton Fiber and Seed Quality, Cotton Incorporated: Cary, NC, pp. 147-165.

Roberts, A.W., S.G. Donovan, and C.H. Haigler. 1997. A secreted factor induces cell expansion and formation of metaxylem-like tracheary elements in xylogenic suspension cultures of Zinnia Plant Physiology 115: 683-692.

Grimson, M.J., C.H. Haigler, and R.L. Blanton. 1996. Cellulose microfibrils, cell motility, and plasma membrane organization change in parallel during culmination in Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Cell Science 109:3079 - 3087.

Haigler, C.H. and R.L. Blanton. 1996. (Invited Commentary) New hope for old dreams: Evidence that plant cellulose synthase genes have finally been identified. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 93: 12082-12085.

Taylor, J.G., C.H. Haigler, D.G. Kilburn, and R.L. Blanton. 1996. Detection of cellulose with improved specificity using laser-based instruments. Biotechnic and Histochemistry 71: 215-223.

Blanton, R.L. and C.H. Haigler. 1996. Cellulose biosynthesis, in M. Smallwood, J.P. Knox, and D.J. Bowles, eds. Membranes: Specialized Functions in Plants, BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford, UK, p. 57-75.

Amor, Y., C. H. Haigler, S. Johnson, M. Wainscott, and D.P. Delmer. 1995. A membrane-associated form of sucrose synthase and its potential role in synthesis of cellulose and callose in plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 92: 9353-9357.

Haigler, C. H., J. G. Taylor, and L.K. Martin. 1994. Temperature dependence of fiber cellulose biosynthesis: Impact on fiber maturity and strength. in Proceedings of the Biochemistry of Cotton Workshop, Galveston, TX, Sept. 28-30, Cotton Incorporated, Raleigh, NC. p. 95-100.

Haigler, C.H. 1994. From signal transduction to biophysics: tracheary element differentiation as a model system. (Invited Commentary) International Jourrnal of Plant Science 155: 248-250.

Roberts, A.W. and C.H. Haigler. 1994. Cell expansion and tracheary element differentiation are regulated by extracellular pH in mesophyll cultures of Zinnia elegans L. Plant Physiology 105: 699-706.

Xie, W., N.L. Trolinder, and C.H. Haigler. 1993. Cool temperature effects on cotton fiber initiation and elongation clarified using in vitro cultures. Crop Science 33: 1258-1264.

Taylor, J.G. and C.H. Haigler. 1993. Patterned secondary wall assembly in tracheary elements occurs in a self-perpetuating cascade. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 42: 153-163.

Taylor, J.G., T.P. Owen, Jr., L.T. Koonce, and C.H. Haigler. 1992. Dispersed lignin in tracheary elements treated with cellulose synthesis inhibitors provides evidence that molecules of the secondary cell wall mediate wall patterning. The Plant Journal 2: 959-970.

Haigler, C.H. 1992. The crystallinity of cotton cellulose in relation to cotton improvement. Proc. Cotton Fiber Cellulose: Structure, Function, and Utilization Conference, National Cotton Council of America: Memphis, TN., p. 211-225.

Roberts, E.M., R.R. Nunna, J.Y. Huang, N.L. Trolinder, and C.H. Haigler. 1992. Effects of cycling temperatures on fiber metaBOlism in cultured cotton ovules. Plant Physiology 100: 979-986.

Roberts, A.W. and C.H. Haigler. 1992. Methylxanthines reversibly inhibit tracheary element differentiation in suspension cultures of Zinnia elegans. Planta 186: 586-592.

Roberts, A.W., L.T. Koonce, and C.H. Haigler. 1992. A simplified medium for in vitro tracheary element differentiation in mesophyll cells from Zinnia elegans. Plant Cell, Tissue, and Organ Culture 28: 27-35.

Shang, X.M., J.Y. Huang, C.H. Haigler, and N.L. Trolinder. 1991. Buffer capacity of cotton cells and effects of extracellular pH on growth and somatic embryogenesis in cotton cell suspensions. In vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology 27P: 147-152.

Haigler, C.H, N.R. Rao, E.M. Roberts, J.Y. Huang, D.R. Upchurch, and N.L. Trolinder. 1991. Cultured cotton ovules as models for cotton fiber development under low temperatures. Plant Physiology 95: 88-96.

Haigler, C.H. 1991. The relationship between polymerization and crystallization in cellulose biogenesis. in C. H. Haigler and P. Weimer, eds., Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Cellulose, New York: Marcel Dekker, pp. 99-124.

Roberts, A.W. and C.H. Haigler. 1990. Tracheary-element differentiation in suspension cultures of Zinnia requires uptake of extracellular Ca2+. Experiments with calcium-channel blockers and calmodulin inhibitors. Planta 180: 502-509.

Roberts, A.W. and C.H. Haigler. 1989. Rise in chlorotetracycline fluorescence accompanies tracheary element differentiation in suspension cultures of Zinnia. Protoplasma. 152: 37-45.

Haigler, C.H. and A.W. Roberts. 1989. Structural aspects of tracheary element differentiation in suspension cultures of Zinnia elegans. In Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Electron Microscopy Society of America, G.W. Bailey, ed. San Francisco Press: San Francisco, CA, pp. 768-769.

Haigler, C.H. and H. Chanzy. 1989. Electron diffraction analysis of altered cellulose: Implications for mechanisms of biogenesis. In Cellulose and Wood: Chemistry and Technology, C. Schuerch, ed., John Wiley and Sons: New York, pp. pp. 493-506.

Haigler, C.H. and H. Chanzy. 1988. Electron diffraction analysis of the altered cellulose synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum in the presence of fluorescent brightening agents and direct dyes. Journal of Ultrastructure and Molecular Structure Research 98: 299-311.

Haigler, C.H. and R.M. Brown, Jr. 1986. Transport of rosettes from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane in isolated mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans during differentiation to tracheary elements in suspension culture. Protoplasma 134: 111-120.

Raikhel, N., B.A. Palevitz, and C.H. Haigler. 1986. Abscisic acid control of lectin accumulation in wheat seedlings and callus cultures. Effects of exogenous ABA and Fluridone. Plant Physiology 80: 167-171.

Haigler, C.H. 1985. The functions and biogenesis of native cellulose. In Cellulose Chemistry and its Applications, S.H. Zeronian and T.P. Nevell, eds., Ellis Horwood: Chichester, England, pp. 30-83.

Brown, R.M., Jr., C. Haigler, J. Suttie, A. White, E. Roberts, C. Smith, T. Itoh, and C. Cooper. 1983. The biosynthesis and degradation of cellulose. Applied Polymer Symposium 37: 33-78.

Brown, R.M., Jr., C.H. Haigler, and K.M. Cooper. 1982. Experimental induction of altered non-microfibrillar cellulose. Science 218: 1141-1142.

Roberts, E.M., R.W. Seagull, C.H. Haigler, and R.M. Brown, Jr. 1982. Alteration of cellulose microfibril formation in eukaryotic cells: Calcofluor White interferes with microfibril assembly and orientation in Oocystis apiculata. Protoplasma 113: 1-9.

Haigler, C.H., A.R. White, R.M. Brown, Jr., and K.M. Cooper. 1982. Alteration of in vivo cellulose ribbon assembly by carboxymethylcellulose and other cellulose derivatives. Journal of Cell Biology 94: 64-69.

Haigler, C.H. and M. Benziman. 1982. Biogenesis of cellulose I microfibrils occurs by cell-directed self-assembly in Acetobacter xylinum. In Cellulose and Other Natural Polymer Systems, R.M. Brown, Jr., ed., Plenum: New York, pp. 273-296.

Haigler, C.H. and R.M. Brown, Jr. 1981. Probing the relationship of polymerization and crystallization in the biogenesis of cellulose I. The Ekman-Days (1981) 5: 14-16 (Proceedings of the International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Stockholm, Sweden, June 9-12). Swedish Paper Chemistry Institute: Stockholm, Sweden.

Benziman, M., C.H. Haigler, R.M. Brown, A.R. White, and K.M. Cooper. 1980. Cellulose biogenesis: Polymerization and crystallization are coupled processes in Acetobacter xylinum . Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 77: 6678-6682.

Haigler, C.H., R.M. Brown, Jr., and M. Benziman. 1980. Calcofluor White ST alters the in vivo assembly of cellulose microfibrils. Science 210: 903-906.

PATENTS GRANTED:

Haigler, C.H. and Holaday, A.S. October 29, 2002. U.S. Patent 6,472,588. Transgenic cotton plants with altered fiber characteristics transformed with a sucrose phosphate synthase nucleic acid (16 claims).

GRADUATE STUDENTS SUPERVISED TO DEGREE COMPLETION (OR IN PROGRESS):

2003 Ph.D. student, Utku Avci (January 2003 - present)

1999-2002 M.S. student, Brett Kiedaisch, M.S. granted, 8/02, Thesis: “Characterization of an experimental cellulose synthesis inhibitor”. Next employment: Technician at the USDA/ARS Plant Stress and Water Conservation Unit, Lubbock TX.

1997-2002 Ph.D. student, Sangjoon Hwang, Ph.D. granted, 8/02, Dissertation: “Molecular cloning and characterization of cellulose synthase genes expressed during tracheary element differentiation in cultures of Zinnia elegans.” Next employment: Postdoctoral Research Associate, Texas Tech University.

1992-1999 Ph.D. student, L. Kirt Martin, Ph.D. granted, 5/99, Dissertation: “Cool-temperature-induced changes in metaBOlism related to cellulose synthesis in cotton fibers”. This dissertation was highlighted in the 1999 report of the Texas Tech University Graduate School. Current Employment: Professor, Lubbock Christian University, Lubbock TX.

1996-1998 M.S. student, Trina Muehring, M.S. thesis granted, 5/98, Thesis: Development of methodology for freeze substitution and immunolocalization in differentiating tracheary elements of Zinnia elegans. Next employment: Computer software development, private industry.

1994-1995 M.S. student, Jyothi Tummala, , M.S. granted 5/96, Thesis: "Response of sucrose phosphate synthase activity to cool temperatures in cotton fiber"
Next Employment: Laboratory Technician, Kettering Labs: New York, NY.

1991-1995 Ph.D. student, Linda T. Koonce (now Trolinder), Ph.D. granted, 8/95. Dissertation: "The isolation and characterization of partial cDNAs associated with in vitro tracheary element formation." Current employment, Elite Events Coordinator, Bayer Crop Science.

1988-1993 Ph.D. student, Wuzi Xie. Ph.D. granted, December 1993. 1988, Texas Tech Institute for Biotechnology Research Fellow. Dissertation: "Morphological and biochemical characterization of cool temperature hindrance of fiber elongation of cotton using ovules cultured in vitro as a model system."
Current employment: QA/QC Lab, Bayer CropScience.

1989-1993 Ph.D. student, Jim Taylor. Ph.D. granted, December, 1993. Dissertation: "The investigation of secondary wall deposition in differentiating Zinnia cell suspension cultures". 1989-90, Texas Tech Institute for Biotechnology Research Fellow. Winner of the Robert I. Larus award for best presentation by a graduate student, SWARM-AAAS, 1991; Winner of a best poster award at Cellulose '91, New Orleans and AAAS, Chicago, 1992.
Current employment: Associate Professor of Biology, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, AR.

1987-1990 Ph.D. student, Alison Roberts. Ph.D. granted, May 1990. Dissertation: "The role of calcium ions in the differentiation of tracheary elements from isolated cells in suspension culture". Recipient of Outstanding Graduate Student Research Award, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 1991.
Current employment: Professor of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI

INVITED RESEARCH SEMINARS (last 10 years):

2005 Biosynthesis of Plant Cell Walls, Pacific Grove, CA, 8/4-7, “Secondary wall stage cotton fiber provides an optimum platform for analysis of gene expression related to cellulose synthesis”

Private industry, 9/12, “Molecular characteristics of cotton fiber”.

NC Plant Molecular Biology Retreat, 9/30 – 10/2, “Cotton fiber as an optimum platform for single cell genomics related to cell expansion and cell wall synthesis”

Department of Horticulture, NCSU, 10/24, “Cellular, metabolic, and environmental control of cellulose synthesis in cotton fiber”

2004 American Chemical Society, Anselme Payen Award Symposium honoring D. Delmer, Co-organizer and speaker, 3/28-30, Anaheim, CA

Southern Section of the American Society of Plant Biologists, “Biotechnological improvement of cotton fiber maturity”, 3/6-8, Lafayette, LA

USDA Cotton Biotechnology Workshop, “Gene expression in cotton fiber”, 10/4-5, New Orleans, LA

USDA Nanotechnology for the Forest Products Industry Workshop, Co-leader of and speaker in the working group on the Nanostructure of Plant Cell Walls, 10/17-19, Lansdowne, VA

2003 12th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, “Progress and emerging questions in understanding cellulose biogenesis”

Fibre Wall, 5th workshop of COST Action E20, Helsinki Finland, “Cellulose and lignin biosynthesis: xylem vessel formation in vitro”

2002 North Texas State University, “Environmental regulation of cotton fiber cellulose synthesis”

Cotton Incorporated, Raleigh, NC. Cotton Genetics Working Group Meeting, “Genetic engineering of secondary wall deposition in cotton fiber”

North Carolina State University at Raleigh, “Control of cellulose synthesis and its cool temperature response by sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase”

2001 International Wood Biotechnology Symposium, Narita, Japan, “Regulation of cellulose biosynthesis in developing xylem”

University of Dundee, Division of Environmental and Applied Biology, “Control of cellulose synthesis and its cool temperature response by sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase”

2000 219th ACS National Meeting, Cellulose, Paper, and Textile Division, “Regulation of cellulose synthesis in differentiating tracheary elements of Zinnia elegans”

Gordon Conference on Plant Cell Walls, Meriden, NH, “Structure of cellulose-synthesizing complexes”

Cotton Incorporated Conference on Genetic Improvement of Cotton, San Antonio, TX, “Optimizing secondary wall synthesis in cotton fiber”

1999 North Carolina State University, “Mechanisms of tracheary element differentiation”

1998 Texas A&M University, “Genetic engineering for improved cool tolerance in cotton fiber development”

Plant Genetic Systems, Gent, Belgium, “Strategies for improving cool temperature tolerance of cotton fiber development”

Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolecules Vegetales, Grenoble, France, “Cool temperature sensitivity of cellulose biosynthesis in cotton fibers”

Centre de Biologie et Physiologie Vegetales, Toulouse, France, “Cellular regulation of secondary wall patterning in differentiating tracheary elements”

XIX International Carbohydrate Symposium, San Diego, CA “Response of cellulose biosynthesis in cotton fibers to cool temperature stress”

Cotton Incorporated Conference on Cotton Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Galveston, TX, “Cool-temperature-induced changes in metabolism related to cellulose synthesis in cotton fibers”

1997 Gordon Conference on Plant Cell Walls, Tilton, NH, “Cellular determinants of secondary wall patterning in differentiating tracheary elements”

Virginia Polytechnical Institute, Blacksburg, VA, “Cellular determinants of secondary wall patterning in differentiating tracheary elements”

POPULAR ARTICLES RELATED TO RESEARCH:

News Release, North Carolina State University, “Professor brings new ways of studying improvements to cotton plants”, 2003.

Co-authored article: C.H. Haigler and R.L. Blanton. 1999. Cellulose: You're surrounded by it, but did you know it was there? LubBOck Magazine: December 1999, pp. 42 - 46.

Featured faculty member in M. Gustafson. 1992. "A piece of tradition." Texas Techsan Magazine 45 (1): 9.

Featured faculty member in C. Patterson. 1991. "Biotechnology: Piecing together the genetic puzzle." Vistas. Texas Tech Research 1(2): 16-20.

Research featured in an educational video tape, "Cotton, exploring the inner frontiers." Copyright 1991, Cotton Incorporated and Texas Tech University.

Research featured in "Cotton Incorporated research seed money multiplies to benefit producers." Cotton Leader. February 1991. Cotton Board: Memphis, TN.

Research featured in "U.S. cotton in action." Cotton Farming 11(5): 22, 1990

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