Program Area 9:
Soil, Water and Air Quality
Conservation and Management
Statement of Issue
Food security problems (famine, malnutrition, etc.) occur in regions
with high population growth rates and with farming methods that are inefficient
and unproductive. In contrast, developed countries utilizing contemporary
agricultural technologies are self-sufficient in food production and provide
the majority of food exports. As the world population increases toward
a projected 12 billion in 2050, our continued ability to produce sufficient
food and fiber depends on progressive increases in crop productivity per
unit land area. Under increasing production pressure, conservation of our
limited natural resources and protection of the quality of our environment
can only occur with continued advances in and adoption of agricultural
technologies. Therefore, protecting the environment and the quantity and
quality of our natural resources is essential for meeting future demands
for food and fiber and insuring world food security.
North Carolina’s natural resources and climate enable diverse and
productive agriculture and forestry systems; however, current and projected
urban and suburban growth places considerable pressure on natural resources
and the environment. Therefore, sustaining and/or increasing agricultural
and forestry production must occur on a declining land resource base. In
addition, the public expects that agricultural and forestry enterprises
maintain environmental quality and adopt new production technologies and/or
environment protection practices to enhance degraded soil, water, or air
resources. Therefore, it is essential that agricultural technologies be
developed that can enhance agricultural productivity and profitability,
while maintaining the quality of our soil, water, and air resources. North
Carolina State University and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
are responsible to the public for development of appropriate, cost-effective
technologies and assist stakeholders to understand and adopt technologies
appropriate for insuring environmental quality and natural resource protection.
Performance Goal
The primary goal of this research program is to enhance our understanding
of the physical, biological and chemical processes and interactions influencing
agricultural and forest ecosystem productivity. The interdisciplinary research
projects will advance knowledge of natural processes to enable development
of production management and environmental protection technologies that
will:
1. enhance productivity;
2. improve input efficiency;
3. conserve natural resources; and
4. improve and protect environmental quality.
Key Program Components
The program area represents interactions between diverse ecosystems
(agriculture, forestry, coastal zone), issues (productivity, profitability,
resource conservation, environmental quality) and clientele (producers,
urban/suburban public, recreation, consumers, etc.). The primary research
focus will be on soil and water quality and management, nutrient and waste
management, and air quality. The following list identifies research programs
currently being conducted and/or planned for the next five years.
Ø Soil and water
quality and management:
Soil erosion and sedimentation processes and prevention
Soil productivity and management
Soil resource characterization and assessment
Surface and drainage water conservation and management
Irrigation water management and systems engineering
Watershed and estuary protection and management
Water quality assessment and monitoring
Wetland and riparian zone characterization, protection, and management
Water and solute transport and interactions with soil
Groundwater and surface water quality assessment and protection
Alternative land uses
Ø Nutrient and waste management:
Nutrient, soil, water, and plant interactions
Nutrient cycling and modeling
Animal, municipal, and industrial waste utilization and management
Added value waste product development
Septic waste management
Fertilizer use efficiency and management
Precision agriculture
Economic assessment of alternative nutrient and waste uses and management practices
Ø Air Quality:
Air quality assessment and monitoring
Soil, plant, atmosphere modeling for nitrogen, sulfur, carbon and other constituents
Soil, nutrient, and waste management to contaminants
Waste management systems to reduce odor
Ecosystem assessment and impacts
Projects involving soil and water quality and management
will comprise approximately 50 percent of the personnel and operating resources.
Approximately 40 percent of resources will be allocated to nutrient and
waste management projects. Projects involving air quality will constitute
a total of 10 percent of resources.
These broadly defined projects will result in development
of natural resource and environmental management technologies that satisfy
the performance goals and meet the technological needs of the target audiences.
New technologies in soil, water, nutrient, and waste management will protect
surface and ground water resources from contaminants related to input use
in agriculture and forest production. Soil, water and air quality monitoring
projects will assess impacts of current and emerging technologies on reducing
contaminant loading in the environment. These monitoring projects exist
in traditional cropping systems and well an in managed turf systems, forestry,
and coastal zone ecosystems. These data will quantitatively document the
impacts of selected technologies and best management practices on soil,
water, and air quality. Cooperation technology transfer projects with North
Carolina State University Cooperative Extension faculty will document the
extent of adoption of best management practices by producers, dealers,
consultants and other agricultural and environmental professionals.
Internal and External Linkages
The faculty in the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences
conduct interdisciplinary research in each program area (see "Allocated
Resources"). Faculty conduct cooperative research with scientists in most
departments in the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences:
| Agricultural Resource Economics |
Animal Science |
| Biochemistry |
Biological and Agricultural Engineering |
| Botany |
Crop Science |
| Entomology |
Horticulture |
| Plant Pathology |
Poultry Science |
| Soil Science |
Statistics |
| Toxicology |
Zoology |
In addition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
faculty cooperate with faculty in the:
College of Forest Resources
College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
College of Engineering
The success of current and future projects depends on interdisciplinary
cooperation with scientists at universities throughout North Carolina and
many other states. They include:
| North Carolina A & T State University |
Duke University |
| University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill) |
University of North Carolina (Wilmington) |
| University of North Carolina (Charlotte) |
University of North Carolina (Asheville) |
| University of Georgia |
Kansas State University |
| Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University |
University of California-Davis |
| Clemson University |
University of South Carolina |
| University of Tennessee (Knoxville) |
University of Florida (Gainesville) |
| Iowa State University |
University of Missouri |
| Michigan State University |
Ohio State University |
| Purdue University |
University of Illinois |
| Mississippi State University |
Pennsylvania State University |
Many scientists and other professionals in industry and
with state and federal agencies provide essential cooperation with North
Carolina State University scientists. They include:
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources
Division of Water Quality
Division of Air Quality
Division of Soil and Water
North Carolina Agricultural Statistics
North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
| USDA-ARS |
USDA-EPA |
| USDA-APHIS |
NASA |
| USGS |
NRCS |
| DOE |
DOD |
| Brookhaven Laboratories |
United Soybean Board |
| U.S. Golf Association |
The Fertilizer Institute |
| National Wheat Growers Association |
Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan |
| Southern States Cooperative |
Farmland Industries |
| DuPont |
Monsanto |
| Novartis |
AgChem Equipment Co. |
| John Deere Inc. |
North Carolina Pork Council |
| Open Grounds farm |
Perdue Farms |
| North Carolina Plant Food Association |
Cotton Incorporated |
| North Carolina Cotton Growers |
North Carolina Peanut Growers |
| North Carolina Corn Growers |
North Carolina Soybean Growers |
| North Carolina Wheat Growers |
North Carolina Sweet Potato Growers |
| North Carolina Tomato Growers |
North Carolina Christmas Tree Growers |
| North Carolina Turfgrass Council |
Target Audiences
Natural resource and environmental protection benefits
all citizens of North Carolina. The direct users of research and technology
development are the producers, dealers, consultants, and other agricultural
and environmental professionals. Personnel in state and federal regulatory
agencies and legislators also are important target audiences. The public
demands high-quality water and air resources, thus agricultural and forestry
production practices must protect environmental quality. The public trusts
our ability to protect the environment and to provide quality food and
fiber. Therefore, we should continually communicate our progress toward
these goals.
Program Duration
Long-term, 5 years
Allocated Resources
Interdisciplinary soil, water, and air quality conservation
and management research programs involve faculty from four colleges (Agriculture
and Life Sciences; Engineering; Forest Resources; and Physical and Mathematical
Sciences). In the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, nearly 60 faculty
in 14 departments are involved in nearly 150 projects in 11 categories
including:
Ø appraisal of
soil resources;
Ø soil, plant, water,
nutrient relationships;
Ø management of saline
and sodic soils;
Ø alternative uses
of land;
Ø conservation and
efficient use of water;
Ø efficient drainage
and irrigation systems;
Ø watershed protection
and management;
Ø economic and legal
problems in water and watershed management;
Ø adaptation to weather
and weather modification;
Ø remote sensing;
and
Ø alleviation of
soil, water, and air pollution and disposal of wastes.
Following are expenditure and commitment data for 1997-98.
Similar expenditures and personnel commitment are expected over the next
five years.
EXPENDITURES
Source Amount
CSREES Funds $1,156,241
USDA-CGCA Funds $131,693
Other Federal Funds $1,093,094
State Appropriation $5,908,681
Non-Federal Funds $2,194,942
Total $10,484,651
PERSONNEL COMMITMENT
Scientist Years 24.58
Professional Years 29.83
Technician Years 53.36
Clerical Years 15.62
Total 123.39
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