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National Goal 4:
An Agricultural System Which
Protects Natural Resources
and the Environment

Program Area 9:
Soil, Water and Air Quality
Conservation and Management

Statement of Issue

Food security problems (famine, malnutrition, etc.) occur in regions with high population growth rates and with farming methods that are inefficient and unproductive. In contrast, developed countries utilizing contemporary agricultural technologies are self-sufficient in food production and provide the majority of food exports. As the world population increases toward a projected 12 billion in 2050, our continued ability to produce sufficient food and fiber depends on progressive increases in crop productivity per unit land area. Under increasing production pressure, conservation of our limited natural resources and protection of the quality of our environment can only occur with continued advances in and adoption of agricultural technologies. Therefore, protecting the environment and the quantity and quality of our natural resources is essential for meeting future demands for food and fiber and insuring world food security.

North Carolina’s natural resources and climate enable diverse and productive agriculture and forestry systems; however, current and projected urban and suburban growth places considerable pressure on natural resources and the environment. Therefore, sustaining and/or increasing agricultural and forestry production must occur on a declining land resource base. In addition, the public expects that agricultural and forestry enterprises maintain environmental quality and adopt new production technologies and/or environment protection practices to enhance degraded soil, water, or air resources. Therefore, it is essential that agricultural technologies be developed that can enhance agricultural productivity and profitability, while maintaining the quality of our soil, water, and air resources. North Carolina State University and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences are responsible to the public for development of appropriate, cost-effective technologies and assist stakeholders to understand and adopt technologies appropriate for insuring environmental quality and natural resource protection.

Performance Goal

The primary goal of this research program is to enhance our understanding of the physical, biological and chemical processes and interactions influencing agricultural and forest ecosystem productivity. The interdisciplinary research projects will advance knowledge of natural processes to enable development of production management and environmental protection technologies that will:

1. enhance productivity;
2. improve input efficiency;
3. conserve natural resources; and
4. improve and protect environmental quality.

Key Program Components

The program area represents interactions between diverse ecosystems (agriculture, forestry, coastal zone), issues (productivity, profitability, resource conservation, environmental quality) and clientele (producers, urban/suburban public, recreation, consumers, etc.). The primary research focus will be on soil and water quality and management, nutrient and waste management, and air quality. The following list identifies research programs currently being conducted and/or planned for the next five years.

Ø Soil and water quality and management:

Soil erosion and sedimentation processes and prevention
Soil productivity and management
Soil resource characterization and assessment
Surface and drainage water conservation and management
Irrigation water management and systems engineering
Watershed and estuary protection and management
Water quality assessment and monitoring
Wetland and riparian zone characterization, protection, and management
Water and solute transport and interactions with soil
Groundwater and surface water quality assessment and protection
Alternative land uses

Ø Nutrient and waste management: Nutrient, soil, water, and plant interactions
Nutrient cycling and modeling
Animal, municipal, and industrial waste utilization and management
Added value waste product development
Septic waste management
Fertilizer use efficiency and management
Precision agriculture
Economic assessment of alternative nutrient and waste uses and management practices

Ø Air Quality: Air quality assessment and monitoring
Soil, plant, atmosphere modeling for nitrogen, sulfur, carbon and other constituents
Soil, nutrient, and waste management to contaminants
Waste management systems to reduce odor
Ecosystem assessment and impacts
Projects involving soil and water quality and management will comprise approximately 50 percent of the personnel and operating resources. Approximately 40 percent of resources will be allocated to nutrient and waste management projects. Projects involving air quality will constitute a total of 10 percent of resources.

These broadly defined projects will result in development of natural resource and environmental management technologies that satisfy the performance goals and meet the technological needs of the target audiences. New technologies in soil, water, nutrient, and waste management will protect surface and ground water resources from contaminants related to input use in agriculture and forest production. Soil, water and air quality monitoring projects will assess impacts of current and emerging technologies on reducing contaminant loading in the environment. These monitoring projects exist in traditional cropping systems and well an in managed turf systems, forestry, and coastal zone ecosystems. These data will quantitatively document the impacts of selected technologies and best management practices on soil, water, and air quality. Cooperation technology transfer projects with North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension faculty will document the extent of adoption of best management practices by producers, dealers, consultants and other agricultural and environmental professionals.

Internal and External Linkages

The faculty in the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences conduct interdisciplinary research in each program area (see "Allocated Resources"). Faculty conduct cooperative research with scientists in most departments in the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences:

Agricultural Resource Economics Animal Science
Biochemistry Biological and Agricultural Engineering
Botany Crop Science
Entomology Horticulture
Plant Pathology Poultry Science
Soil Science Statistics
Toxicology Zoology

In addition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences faculty cooperate with faculty in the:

College of Forest Resources
College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
College of Engineering
The success of current and future projects depends on interdisciplinary cooperation with scientists at universities throughout North Carolina and many other states. They include:
North Carolina A & T State University Duke University
University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill) University of North Carolina (Wilmington)
University of North Carolina (Charlotte) University of North Carolina (Asheville)
University of Georgia Kansas State University
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University University of California-Davis
Clemson University University of South Carolina
University of Tennessee (Knoxville) University of Florida (Gainesville)
Iowa State University University of Missouri
Michigan State University Ohio State University
Purdue University University of Illinois
Mississippi State University Pennsylvania State University

Many scientists and other professionals in industry and with state and federal agencies provide essential cooperation with North Carolina State University scientists. They include:

North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Water Quality
Division of Air Quality
Division of Soil and Water
North Carolina Agricultural Statistics
North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
USDA-ARS USDA-EPA
USDA-APHIS NASA
USGS NRCS
DOE DOD
Brookhaven Laboratories United Soybean Board
U.S. Golf Association The Fertilizer Institute
National Wheat Growers Association Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan
Southern States Cooperative Farmland Industries
DuPont Monsanto
Novartis AgChem Equipment Co.
John Deere Inc. North Carolina Pork Council
Open Grounds farm Perdue Farms
North Carolina Plant Food Association Cotton Incorporated
North Carolina Cotton Growers North Carolina Peanut Growers
North Carolina Corn Growers North Carolina Soybean Growers
North Carolina Wheat Growers North Carolina Sweet Potato Growers
North Carolina Tomato Growers North Carolina Christmas Tree Growers
North Carolina Turfgrass Council
Target Audiences

Natural resource and environmental protection benefits all citizens of North Carolina. The direct users of research and technology development are the producers, dealers, consultants, and other agricultural and environmental professionals. Personnel in state and federal regulatory agencies and legislators also are important target audiences. The public demands high-quality water and air resources, thus agricultural and forestry production practices must protect environmental quality. The public trusts our ability to protect the environment and to provide quality food and fiber. Therefore, we should continually communicate our progress toward these goals.

Program Duration

Long-term, 5 years

Allocated Resources

Interdisciplinary soil, water, and air quality conservation and management research programs involve faculty from four colleges (Agriculture and Life Sciences; Engineering; Forest Resources; and Physical and Mathematical Sciences). In the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, nearly 60 faculty in 14 departments are involved in nearly 150 projects in 11 categories including:

Ø appraisal of soil resources;

Ø soil, plant, water, nutrient relationships;

Ø management of saline and sodic soils;

Ø alternative uses of land;

Ø conservation and efficient use of water;

Ø efficient drainage and irrigation systems;

Ø watershed protection and management;

Ø economic and legal problems in water and watershed management;

Ø adaptation to weather and weather modification;

Ø remote sensing; and

Ø alleviation of soil, water, and air pollution and disposal of wastes.

Following are expenditure and commitment data for 1997-98. Similar expenditures and personnel commitment are expected over the next five years.

EXPENDITURES

Source               Amount
CSREES Funds         $1,156,241
USDA-CGCA Funds      $131,693
Other Federal Funds  $1,093,094
State Appropriation  $5,908,681
Non-Federal Funds    $2,194,942
Total                $10,484,651

PERSONNEL COMMITMENT

Scientist Years      24.58
Professional Years   29.83
Technician Years     53.36
Clerical Years       15.62
Total                123.39

 
 

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