2001 Requests for Establishment or Modification of SAAESD Activities

• Method to Request New or Modified SAES Activity [research only]; or
• Method to Request New or Modified SERA Activity [joint research/extension].

Request Number [Date Posted]	Action Requested	Title	Review Requested	SAAESD Action	ASRED (Extension) Action
0.1 [02/23/01]	EstablishIEG or SERA-IEG	Current Issues in Weed Biology, Weed/Crop Interactions, and Weed Management in the Southern Region (from S-183)	AC-1	Approved as SERA-IEG-33
0.2	Terminate IEG 61	Cotton Germplasm	n/a	Approved 4/3/01	n/a
0.3	Terminate IEG 71	Good Laboratory Practices	n/a	Approved 4/3/01	n/a
0.4 [4/16/01]	Establish DC	Crop Resistance for Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Sustainable Agriculture (from S-282)	1, 5, 11	Approved DC 01-01	n/a
0.5 [3/21/01]	Extend S-280	Mineralogical Controls on Colloidal Dispersion and Solid-Phase Speciation of Soil Contaminants	MRC	Approved to 2003	n/a
0.6 [3/21/01]	Extend DC 99-01	Genetic and Dietary Contributions to Obesity	MRC	Approved to 2002	n/a
0.7 [4/23/01]	Extend S-271	Solid Phase Extraction Techniques for Pesticides in Water Samples	MRC	Approved to 2002	n/a
0.8 [6/11/01]	Establish DC	Dynamic Soybean Pest Management for Evolving Agricultural Technologies and Cropping Systems(from S-281)	1,12	Approved DC 01-02	n/a
0.9 [7/23/01]	Renew SERA-IEG-25	Turf	~	Approved renewal to 2006.
0.10 [7/27/01]	Renew SERA-IEG-26	Fire Ants	~	Approval renewal to 2006.
0.11 [7/31/01]	Extend S-277	Breeding to Optimize Maternal Performance and Reproduction of Beef Cows in the Southern Region	MRC	Approved extension to 2002	n/a
0.12 [8/10/01]	Establish DC	Water Quality Methodology for Crop Protection Chemicals (Replacement for S-271)	AC-1, 5, 11, 12, MRC	Approved DC-01-03	n/a
0.13 [10/26/01]	Establish DC	Genetic Selection and Crossbreeding to Enhance Reproduction and Survival of Dairy Cattle (Replacement for S-284)	AC-2, 5	Approved DC-01-04	n/a

Request #0.1 - Establish new SERA-IEG
Checklist:
Type of Activity Proposed: SERA-IEG
Action Requested: Establish new IEG (or SERA) from terminated S-183
Submitted by: Larry Rogers / Charles Scifres
Date Submitted to Executive Director: 1/01
Requested Advisory Committee Reviews: 1

Proposal:

1. Title: Current Issues in Weed Biology, Weed/Crop Interactions, and Weed Management in the Southern Region

2. Accomplishments: n/a

3. Statement of Issue(s) and Justification: It is estimated that in the United States crop losses associated with weed competition exceed $6 billion annually. Weeds continue to cause substantial losses in crop production even with the extensive use of herbicides. While some information describing the biology of weeds has been generated over the past 50 years, the mechanisms of weed/crop interactions are not fully understood. Basic biological information for many weeds is not available. In order to develop weed management strategies that will enhance sustainability of U.S. agriculture, a better understanding of weed biology/ecology and weed/crop interactions is required. This Information Exchange Group will provide a forum to report and share research information on weed science and weed management issues relevant to the southern region. It is anticipated that this information exchange group will stimulate collaborative research efforts among the participants that will contribute to the development of cost effective and environmentally friendly weed management systems for the southern U.S. (SAAESD Priority Area: 1A)

4. Objectives:
   1. Develop basic information about the biology/ecology of weeds that can be used to improve the management of weeds.
   2. Document and characterize the interference associated with weed/crop interactions.
   3. Utilize basic weed biology and weed/crop interaction information to develop technologies to enhance weed management.
   4. Develop and manage a searchable weed database that will provide a mechanism for weed biology information transfer.

5. Procedural Plan:
   • Objective 1. - Examples of techniques used for this objective include: a) Seed dynamics will be evaluated by burial of seed at various depths for various durations in the field followed by excavation and determination of viability; b) Weed seed will be exposed to various planting depths, osmotic potentials and temperatures to learn more about the edaphic requirements for weed seed germination; c) Weed seed will be germinated under various temperature regimes so that models relating weed seed emergence to growing degree days can be developed and d) The effect of various cultural and chemical treatments on nutsedge tuber development will be determined.
   • Objective 2. - Crops will be exposed to various densities and durations of weed competition to determine critical periods for control and competition thresholds.
   • Objective 3. - a) The weed management decision aid Herbicide Application Decision Support System will continue to be evaluated in several crops including cotton and peanut; b) Weed management systems utilizing transgenic crops will be compared with systems utilizing non-transgenic crops to evaluate the potential for weed species shifts occurring.
   • Objective 4. - A searchable data base containing weed biology information on weeds important in the southeast U.S. will be created. The data base will be available on the world wide web.

6. Internal and External Linkages: Linkages include S-183 scientists from AES' in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas. USDA/ARS participants include researchers from Tifton, GA, Stuttgart, AR, and Stoneville, MS. Disciplines represented include weed science, agronomy, and botany.

7. Performance Goal(s):
   1. Output Indicators:
      • Objective 1. - a) Weeds studies will include both indigenous, exotic-invasive, and herbicide resistant weed species; b) Quantify seed bank population dynamics; c) Herbicide tolerant/resistant crop technologies as related to seedbank dynamics, introgression into weedy relatives, herbicide resistance, trait stability, and crop genetic diversity; d) Comparative response of weed ecotypes to environmental conditions.
      • Objective 2. - While a significant amount of data has been generated to document that weeds cause yield losses, far less information is available to characterize these interactions such as yield loss, quality reduction, and harvesting efficiency. Additional information is needed so that economic decision aid models can be developed or site-specific refined for use throughout the southern region when making weed management decisions.
      • Objective 3. - With herbicide use, herbicide tolerant/resistant crops, crop rotation changes, commonly recognized weed - crop associations have shifted, sometimes to include herbicide resistant weeds. Research conducted under this objective will document the effects of the aforementioned weed control technologies and environmental factors on weed/crop interactions. Areas of interest include site specific weed management, expert systems for weed management, integrated weed management, weed resistence, and herbicide tolerant/resistant crop technologies.
      • Objective 4. - Develop and manage a searchable weed database that will provide a mechanism for weed biology information transfer.
   2. Outcome Indicators:
      • Improved crop production efficiency
      • Reduced pesticide use
      • Expanded weed science knowledge among all clientele in the southern region

8. Educational Plan: n/a

9. Governance (Officers): Officers will be selected at the initial meeting.

10. Origin of Request: S-183.

Reviewer Comments: AC-1 unanimously approves the proposal. Final SAAESD Action: Approved by SAAESD 4/3/01 as a SERA, contingent on Extension's approval. If not approved by Extension as a SERA, activity is approved as an IEG. Approved 8/06/01 by Extension as a SERA. Numerical Identifier Assigned: SERA-IEG-33 AES Administrative Advisor Appointed: Charles Scifres, TX (AES) and Ivory Lyles, AR (CES)

Request #0.2 - Terminate IEG-61
Checklist:
Type of Activity Proposed: Termination
Action Requested: Terminate IEG-61
Submitted by: Vance Watson
Date Submitted to Executive Director:
Requested Advisory Committee Reviews: n/a

Proposal: Scientists will join new multistate research project S-304.

Reviewer Comments: n/a Final SAAESD Action: Termination approved 4/3/01. Numerical Identifier Assigned: n/a AES Administrative Advisor Appointed: n/a

Request #0.3 - Terminate IEG-71
Checklist:
Type of Activity Proposed: Termination
Action Requested: Terminate IEG-71
Submitted by: Charles Scifres
Date Submitted to Executive Director: 1/01
Requested Advisory Committee Reviews: n/a

Proposal: Activity has run its course and does not need to be renewed.

Reviewer Comments: n/a Final SAAESD Action: Termination approved 4/3/01. Numerical Identifier Assigned: n/a AES Administrative Advisor Appointed: n/a

Request #0.4 - Establish Development Committee
Checklist:
Type of Activity Proposed: DC
Action Requested: Establish new DC to write replacement for S-282
Submitted by: Fred Knapp (fknapp@ca.uky.edu)
Date Submitted to Executive Director: 4/16/01
Requested Advisory Committee Reviews: 1, 5, 11

Proposal:

1. Title: Crop Resistance for Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Sustainable Agriculture

2. Accomplishments: The present activity is multi-state project S-282, Managing Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Sustainable Agriculture with Emphasis on Crop Resistance. The current project has made significant progress in identifying crop genotypes with resistance and tolerance to plant-parasitic nematodes. These genetic resources have been introgressed into peanut, soybean, cotton and vegetables, with high yielding adapted cultivars resulting. Genotypes and cultivars have also been extensively tested against reference nematode populations and species for resistance. Scientists working on the project have isolated genes encoding esophageal gland proteins secreted by the soybean cyst nematode. Data suggest a primary role of cellulase genes in promoting intracellular migration of the nematode within the roots. Novel and durable resistance may ultimately result from these findings. Research is progressing on integrating resistant cultivars and other biotactics into sustainable cropping systems.

3. Statement of Issue(s) and Justification: The continued development of new sources of resistance, new crop cultivars having multiple nematode resistance, and integration of these cultivars into modern management systems is vitally important for sustainable agriculture. No new nematicides have emerged on the market since 1974, and current available ones are under constant regulatory scrutiny. Methyl bromide, a soil sterilant commonly used in vegetable production, will be removed from the U.S. market in 2005. Resistance to nematodes has been identified in some vegetable crops, and a limited number of cultivars have been developed. Still, many cultivars are not horticulturally acceptable and hence, not widely grown. Crop cultivars have been developed, to a greater or lesser extent, with resistance or tolerance to the root-knot and cyst nematodes. The reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis, on cotton, soybean, and certain vegetables is becoming more important as its geographic distribution increases, due partly to wide deployment of resistance to root-knot nematodes. Molecular mechanisms of resistance will become more important in designing resistant cultivars as nematode genes encoding primary pathogenesis enzymes and other proteins are identified and ways are found to disrupt these parasitism gene products. Molecular markers for plant resistance genes will be used in plant breeding programs and have the potential to rapidly advance the number and diversity of adapted, resistant cultivars.

4. Objectives: We will continue the development of new breeding lines and cultivars having resistance or tolerance to one or more species of plant-parasitic nematodes, use biotechnology to study nematode parasitism genes, and find new means of integrating resistant/tolerant cultivars in biorational nematode management systems.

5. Procedural Plan: Scientists currently participating in S-282 will determine research objectives and protocol based on progress made in S-282 and needs of the agricultural sector. A research coordinator per objective will coordinate the activities for each objective. Scientists will promote the development of resistance in cotton and certain vegetables, enhance resistance levels in soybean and peanut, use molecular techniques for resistance development and enhancement, and promote the durability of deployed resistance. The proposed procedural plan will differ from the current project in having a greater focus on molecular genetics protocols, greater use and testing of biorational strategies for extending the durability of resistance genes, and greater focus on the increasingly important reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis.

6. Internal and External Linkages: AES scientists, 1890 institution scientists, ARS scientists, and non-land-grant scientists in the southern region will be invited to participate. Scientists in the disciplines of plant pathology, nematology, biology, ecology, and economics, and private seed companies will form an integrated activity focused on plant resistance to the economically important plant-parasitic nematodes. The activity will result in enhanced crop productivity, improved plant product quality and utility, and improved plant production management systems in crop plants affected by nematodes.

7. Performance Goal(s):
   1. Output Indicators: Genotypes of advanced breeding lines with high levels of resistance identified in each crop, evidence of durability of resistance against nematode isolates from the various cooperating states, new cultivars with resistance to root-knot nematodes, and evidence of increased durability of resistance.
   2. Outcome Indicators: Assessment of impact of new and enhanced resistance in agricultural production systems, including evidence of use of new breeding lines and cultivars in the production sector, and reduction of the economic impact of selected nematode pathogens on the various crops.

8. Educational Plan: The resulting information and genetic resources will aid the nematode management programs in the different states. All growers will have access to new cultivars with multiple resistance to nematodes species. Growers in under-served and/or under-represented communities will have access to the new adapted cultivars, which will provide effective and durable nematode resistance without reliance on costly nematicidal chemicals.

9. Governance (Officers): The Committee chair and secretary will be designated on a rotating basis. The voting member of the host state for each annual meeting will be the chair. The voting member who hosted the previous meeting will be the secretary. The chair will have the authority to appoint special subcommittees for special tasks. In addition, a coordinator(s) will be named to facilitate the outlined work per objective.

10. Origin of Request: Members of Cooperative Regional Research Project S-282, represented by S. A. Lewis, R. S. Hussey, R. D. Riggs, and J. L. Starr.

Reviewer Comments: AC-11 approves. AC-1 approves with the following recommendation: Since objectives indicate development of breeding lines and new cultivars with resistance, the project should involve at least plant breeders and perhaps plant geneticists as well. With this addition, AC-1 feels this will be a strong project. Executive Committee approves. Final SAAESD Action: Approved 7/16/01. Numerical Identifier Assigned: DC01-01 AES Administrative Advisor Appointed: F. W. Knapp, KY

Request #0.5 - Extend S-280
Checklist:
Type of Activity Proposed: Extension
Action Requested: Extend S-280 to 2003
Submitted by: Eric Young
Date Submitted to Executive Director: 3/21/01
Requested Reviews: Multistate Research Committee

Extension Request:

A one-year extension on this project (to September 30, 2003) is requested due to unforeseen delays in accomplishing certain tasks under each of the two project objectives. The objectives are (1) to develop a predictive model for describing soil colloidal dispersion as a function of mineralogy and commonly measured soil properties, and (2) to determine the nature of contaminant-mineral associations in selected soils in relation to soil properties.

Under objective1, we have compiled a data base of properties for specific classes of soils from across the southern United States. We plan to develop a statistical model for predicting dispersion of soil colloids. The participant from Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) enlisted a statistician to assist us in developing the model. In 2000, the statistician left his position at SREL and was no longer available to assist with our project. We are now seeking another statistician for developing the model.

Under objective 2, we are utilizing specialized laboratory methods to fractionate soil particles based on their density (as well as particle size and solubility). We have worked out the density fractionation technique using a soil from North Carolina, and we have characterized heavy metals in different fractions. We are presently working on characterizing the mineralogy of the density fractions, and fractionating additional metal-contaminated soil samples. Our density fractionation, being done at University of Tennessee, was delayed due to untimely shipment of chemicals from the supplier. Because the dense organic liquid used for our separation requires special handling due to its toxicity, the only US supplier ships this material just once per year.

Reviewer Comments: Approved Final SAAESD Action: CSREES approved to 2003. Numerical Identifier Assigned: n/a AES Administrative Advisor Appointed: n/a

Request #0.6 - Extend DC 99-01
Checklist:
Type of Activity Proposed: Extension
Action Requested: Extend DC 99-01 to 2002
Submitted by: Helen Shaw
Date Submitted to Executive Director: 3/21/01
Requested Reviews: Multistate Research Committee

Extension Request:

The members of the DC99-01, Genetic and Dietary Contributions to Obesity, have requested a one-year extension in order to complete the Southern multistate research project outline and obtain approval for a proposed start date of October 1, 2002. I endorse this request and forward to the Southern Directors for their action.

Since the project is a large one and encompasses both genetic/molecular and dietary/population aspects, it is taking longer to write the dietary/population portion. The genetic portion has been easier and is in first draft stage, while much of the population portion is still to be written. The writing chair (Michael Zemel, Univ. Tennessee, Knoxville) indicates that they would like more time to complete the writing and approval phases, and feels that they can have the first writing of the completed project ready for submission to the DC by June 2001, and to scientific reviewers before the end of summer.

This is a project of potential value to the Southern Region. As well as within Southern AES institutions, it is anticipated that individuals from states outside the region and from medical research groups will wish to be involved in one or more aspects of the project.

Reviewer Comments: Approved. Final SAAESD Action: Approved to 2002. Numerical Identifier Assigned: n/a AES Administrative Advisor Appointed: n/a

Request #0.7 - Extend S-271
Checklist:
Type of Activity Proposed: Extension
Action Requested: Extend S-271 to 2002
Submitted by: Neal Thompson
Date Submitted to Executive Director: 4/23/01
Requested Reviews: Multistate Research Committee

Extension Request:

The Committee has been unable to complete the work associated with Objective 1: Evaluation of solid phase extraction techniques for sampling water for a wide range of pesticides that could be incorporated into improved analytical methods. They have successfully shown that solid phase extraction techniques will work for sampling water at one site and shipping the disk to another site for analysis with a set of 4 pesticides when using distilled water and various surface water samples. They have also investigated the possible causes of variability observed between samples done in various laboratories. The factor related to Objective 1 that has not been completed is testing the procedure for its applicability for use with other pesticides. This has been a result of several members of the original project retiring, being on sabbatical, and changes in their responsibilities. This investigation could be completed with the extension of one year and would ultimately provide a much more complete investigation of the use of solid phase extraction techniques for the analysis of pesticides in water samples. The committee has published one manuscript and has another in preparation.

Reviewer Comments: Approved Final SAAESD Action: CSREES approved to 2002. Numerical Identifier Assigned: n/a AES Administrative Advisor Appointed: n/a

Request #0.8 - Establish DC to replace S-281
Checklist:
Type of Activity Proposed: DC
Action Requested: Establish DC to write replacement for S-281
Submitted by: David Boethel
Date Submitted to Executive Director: 6/11/01
Requested Advisory Committee Reviews: AC-1, AC-12

Proposal:

1. Title: Dynamic Soybean Pest Management for Evolving Agricultural Technologies and Cropping Systems

2. Accomplishments of S-281 (1997-2000):
   • Objective 1. To determine the effect of production systems with transgenic and other herbicide-resistant soybeans on insect pests and natural enemies.

     The research conducted over the first three years of the project has revealed that the adoption of herbicide tolerant soybean will not significantly affect the soybean arthropod community.

   • Objective 2. To determine the impact of early soybean production systems (ESPS) on the population dynamics of pest and beneficial arthropods on soybean.

     Research on the early soybean production system (ESPS) has defined which and when certain insect pests should be a problem, and hence the critical periods for monitoring their abundance. Adoption of ESPS can have positive and negative effects on insect management. The early planting dates and early maturing varieties associated with ESPS generally allow for escape from late season migrating lepidopterous pests, such as soybean looper and velvetbean caterpillar. However, ESPS soybean may be at greater risk to attack by the stink bug pest guild commonly found in the southern growing regions of the United States. The incidence of bean pod mottle virus was higher in ESPS than conventional soybean, undoubtedly associated with larger numbers of the vector, bean leaf beetle, being found in ESPS.

   • Objective 3. To determine the influence of environmental variability, specifically water stress, as soybean responds to insect injury and as insect pest occurrence and to develop management tools that explicitly reflect on environmental considerations.

     Yield responses of soybean subjected to combined stresses from defoliation and drought indicated that the stresses are independent, within the context of a given canopy size. Economic injury levels and economic thresholds for defoliators on stressed and non-stressed soybeans were developed. Drought stressed soybeans were found to be more susceptible to spider mite problems. Although more research is needed, preliminary data suggest that leaf area index (and reduction thereof) can be used to assess the need for management of defoliators.

3. Statement of Issue(s) and Justification:
   1. The research proposed for the replacement for S-281 addresses the following SAAESD priority areas; Goal 1-A,B,&C; Goal 2-A; Goal 4-F.

   2. Additional justification accompanies each of the new proposed objectives [See Objectives and Justification (New Project) IV].

   3. There are no technical restraints to conducting the research although the GIS, GPS research proposed will require greater dependence on equipment.

   4. This group of scientists have collaborated in three multi-state projects with some of the participants actually 2nd generation with their major professors being founding members of S-74. The group is comprised of scientists in virtually every soybean producing state. This is particularly important with the recent invasion of the soybean aphid in the Upper Midwest. This group has a track record of productivity documented by numerous publications, edited books, southern region series bulletins, and stakeholder focused literature.

   5. The proposed research on pest sampling and injury assessment by precision agriculture technologies is at the leading edge of IPM research. This group has over 20 years experience dealing with soybean insect pests and are the best cadre of entomologists to deal with the soybean aphid.

   6. Soybean producers, consumers, and other scientists will be the beneficiaries of the research.

4. Objectives:
   • OBJECTIVE 1. Characterize the dynamics and impact of evolving insect pests and optimize insect management as an integral element of developing cropping systems.

     Over the past decade, bean leaf beetle populations have increased to routinely exceed economic thresholds. Increased soybean acres planted in the Midwest and earlier planting dates are most likely the major factors contributing to the general increase in beetle numbers. The spring colonizing population, which has in the past been a relatively minor concern, is regularly entering fields during seedling emergence and causing great concern to soybean growers. Concurrent with the population increase has been an increase in diseases transmitted by the beetle (particularly bean pod mottle virus). Most recently, the discovery of Aphis Glycines (the soybean aphid) in the Upper Midwest presents a new challenge to United States soybean production. Beyond these important issues, various other insect pests have demonstrated dramatically increased populations and impact on soybean production.

     Soybean pest management also is challenged by simultaneous occurrence of biotic (e.g., various insects) and abiotic (e.g., drought) stresses. With new understandings about the physiological basis for yield loss from different stressors, we now have the opportunity to develop better strategies to address combined stressors, which are what most soybean growers experience. Additionally, the emergence of new soybean production practices and transgenic genotypes requires research to determine how best to manage insects and other stressors in these systems.

   • OBJECTIVE 2. Define insect-vector ecology and virus-disease relationships and develop management strategies.

     Soybean diseases caused by viruses are reaching near epiphytotic proportions in many parts of the United States. Two viruses appear to be of most concern, bean pod mottle which is transmitted by the bean leaf beetle, and soybean mosaic vectored by aphids. Symptoms are similar, and thus, correct identification is imperative.

     Bean leaf beetle populations have increased dramatically over the past decade, and perhaps is one reason for the increase in bean pod mottle virus. An additional concern relates to aphid transmission of soybean mosaic virus. This virus has, in the past, been vectored by aphids which do not colonize soybeans; transmission of the non-persistent virus is from aphids passing through soybean fields in search of a suitable host. With the recent discovery to the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines which is the first aphid able to colonize soybeans and is known to transmit soybean mosaic virus, the incidence and impact of this virus may increase substantially.

     Research is critically needed to understand how these pests obtain the viruses and transmit them and to determine their potential in disease epidemiology. Predictive models of disease transmission need to be developed and both short-term and long-term management tactics devised to alleviate the problems.

   • OBJECTIVE 3. Apply geospatial and precision technologies to advance pest management.

     In the dynamic agricultural environment, diminishing resources (in terms of time and effort) must be directed at significant problems that arise quickly and do not respect property boundaries, county lines, and state or federal districts. Landscape ecology focuses on entire agroecosystems and has won favor in the scientific community because many of the large-scale problems cannot adequately be addressed in small plot experiments or even entire fields. Much scientific effort has focused on small scale and limited factor analyses of ecological communities generally associated with agroecosystems. However, this bottom-up approach has been much maligned in the ecological literature because of its limited scope, and because many of these small-scale factors may become insignificant when viewed at landscape scales. Recently, more support has been given to large-scale, landscape analysis of entire watersheds, ecological communities, and agroecosystems. In agriculture, we have seen tangible results from the landscape perspective including: area-wide management of such pests as boll weevil, hessian fly, screwworm, and gypsy moth.

     Significant problems face producers and scouts in soybean in the future, and at least some of these problems could be addressed using remote sensing technologies. For instance, nutrient deficiencies, drought stress, insect damage, pathogen infestations, and delayed maturity are all significant problems over broad geographic areas. The solutions to these problems require an area-wide view. Under the auspices of S-255 and S-281, it has been demonstrated that Leaf Area Index (LAI) could be used as an indicator of problem or great risk' soybean fields. When LAI values drop below critical levels because of poor stand, drought stress, soil problems, nutrient deficiencies, insect damage, or pathogens, yield losses are likely to ensue. It also has been demonstrated that infrared photography from a fixed-wing aircraft can detect variations in LAI within a field. The aim of this objective is to conduct research on remote sensing of soybean fields to determine risks of yield loss, and in this manner, direct management strategies to those areas where yield losses are likely. This objective will incorporate new technology including satellite imagery, digital orthographic images or quadrangles (DOQs), geographic information system (GIS) software, and global position systems (GPS) in current management practices and scouting techniques. Distribution of the information on via the internet also will be a component of this effort.

5. Procedural Plan: Scientists will be assigned to coordinate the activities for each of the three proposed objectives. All the participants in S-281 and the new project are experienced scientists fully capable of developing the protocols and methodology necessary to accomplish the objectives proposed. The new project will place greater emphasis on soybean pathogens transmitted by insect vectors. Two insect pests that are emerging as major problems in this regard are the bean leaf beetle, an indigenous species, and the soybean aphid, an invasive species.

   The research on geospatial and precision technologies represents a new direction for the project participants. However, goals of the objective - to enhance sampling, improve damage assessment, and optimize management decisions have long been embraced by the member of S-281. To better address this research, new technology will be incorporated including satellite imagery, digital orthographic images or quadrangles (DOQs), geographic information (GIS) software, and global position systems (GPS) in current management practices and scouting techniques.

6. Internal and External Linkages: AES, CES, USDA, and 1890 scientists in the southern and north central regions will be invited to participate. Because of the focus of the project, the expertise of plant pathologists, geographers, agronomists, entomologists, and private pest management consultants may be needed.

7. Performance Goal(s):
   1. Output Indicators: Better understanding of insect-vector ecology and virus-disease relationships; elucidation of the physiological basis for yield loss from combined biotic and abiotic stress; and landscape analyses of agroecosystems with focus on insect management.
   2. Outcome Indicators: Improved insect and disease management; refined insect monitoring; advancement of pest management through adoption of precision agriculture technologies; reduced pesticide use; and enhanced crop production efficiency.

8. Educational Plan: Distribution of the information generated by the new project will be disseminated via the internet and traditional outreach programs. Because the project will contain southern and north central participants (perhaps, others), virtually all the soybean growing area of the United States will be represented and thus, growers in under/served and under/represented areas should have access to the data generated in a timely manner.

9. Governance (Officers): The technical Committee is comprised of the voting members from each state. The Executive Committee consists of the Chair, Chair-Elect/Secretary, and the Coordinators of the research objectives. The Administrative Advisor and the CSREES representative serves as ex-offico members of the Executive Committee. Each year a Chair-Elect/Secretary is elected and the following year ascends to the position of Chair. The current Chair of S-281 is Gary Lentz, Tennessee, with Ron Hammond, Ohio, serving as Chair-Elect/Secretary.

10. Origin of Request: David J. Boethel, administrative advisor and out-going Chair, requests the approval on behalf of the members of S-281.

Reviewer Comments: AC-12 approves. AC-1 approves. AC-5 approves. Executive Committee approves. Final SAAESD Action: Approves. Numerical Identifier Assigned: DC 01-02 AES Administrative Advisor Appointed: David Boethel, LA

Request #0.9 - Renew SERA-IEG-25
Checklist:
Type of Activity Proposed: SERA-IEG
Action Requested: Renew SERA-IEG-25
Submitted by: Johnny Wynne, NC
Date Submitted to Executive Director: 7/23/01
Requested Advisory Committee Reviews: (none)

Proposal:

1. Title: Turf

2. Accomplishments (of previous activity): SERA-IEG 25 (Turf) has accomplished its objectives by meeting three of every four years at one of the institutions with turf programs in the southern region. There is no meeting every four years because of an international turf meeting. The participants have exchanged information on research, extension and academic topis at the annual meeting. The general approach has been to identify eight to ten important research or extension topics or techniques. Each topic/technique has one or two scientists that critically review the topic and lead the discussion on the topic. In addition, the facilities and programs of the host institution are reviewed through oral presentations and a tour.

3. Statement of Issue(s) and Justification: The turfgrass industry in the South continues to grow in area and importance. Many of issues and concerns occur in several states in the region. Exchange of information on research, extension and academic issues allows scientists in the region ro use their time and resources more efficiently, avoids duplication of efforts, stimulates cooperative efforts and enhances turf programs in the region.

4. Objectives:
   1. Foster exchange of information on current research and extension activities and discuss future directions and needs for turf programs in the region.
   2. Encourage exchange of information on research/extension methodologies and technologies.
   3. Promote cooperative efforts among turf programs in the region.

5. Procedural Plan: The chair will solicit ideas/topics for discussion. The chair appoints one of two faculty scientists to critically review and prepare a presentation on the topics with the highest priority. This will lead to discussion and exchange of information on current research/extension issues. Standing committees will be appointed by the chair to address nominations for officers, site selection, new cultivars and academic issues affecting turf. These committees will report to the SERA-IEG at each annual meeting. Minutes will be taken and distributed electronically to all participants. An annual report will be prepared by the administrative advisors.

6. Internal and External Linkages: Collaborations on research and extension activities among members have been numerous and are expected to increase. Many faculty involved in turf research and extension who are not "official" members also participate in the annual meetings, information exchange and resulting collaborations. In addition, various turf industries are represented and participate with the SERA-IEG group.

7. Performance Goals:
   1. Annual meetings are well attended with a good balance at research and extension personnel.
   2. Meeting agendas give adequate time for exchange at information and discussion of future priorities and needs.
   3. Collaborations, formal and informal, among SERA-IEG members in research and extension activities increase over time.

8. Educational Plan: Information on current research and extension activities in turf and new methodologies and technologies will be exchanged at the annual meeting and other venues. This information will be incorporated into individual member's extension programs as appropriate and transmitted to the turf industry. Minutes and annual reports will be distributed to members and other interested parties and archived for future reference.

9. Governance (Officers): The participants elect a chair, vice-chair and secretary/treasurer. The vice-chair succeeds the chair and the secretary/treasurer succeeds the vice-chair. Thus, after the initial election only one election is held annually. The SERA- IEG operates with a committee infrastructure. These are standing committees for nominations, site selection, recognition/awards, new cultivars, and teaching.

10. Origin of Request: Administrative advisor: Johnny Wynne, N. C. State University at request of participants.

Reviewer Comments: n/a Final SAAESD and ASRED Action: Approved renewal to 2006. Numerical Identifier Assigned: SERA-IEG-25 Administrative Advisors Appointed: Johnny Wynne, NC (AES) and Larry Arrington, FL (CES)

Request #0.10 - Renew SERA-IEG-26
Checklist:
Type of Activity Proposed: SERA
Action Requested: Renew SERA-IEG-26
Submitted by: Ray Frisbie, TX
Date Submitted to Executive Director: 7/27/01
Requested Advisory Committee Reviews: (none)

Proposal:

1. Title: Fire Ants

2. Accomplishments: The SERA-IEG has organized and conducted the Annual Imported Fire Ant Research Conference annually. The conference rotates from state to state in infested parts of the nation. Oral and poster presentations are compiled in a Proceedings which is distributed to conference participants. This annual meeting has provided an opportunity of scientists working on red imported fire ants to develop collaboratiive efforts and to keep current of pertinent technology.

3. Statement of Issue(s) and Justification: The current information exchange group on fire ants (SRIEG-34) is scheduled to terminate in 2001. SRIEG-34 has served a useful purpose in that is has provided an annual forum for research scientists, extension specialists, and others with interests in imported fire ant. The fire ant problem persists today and it continues to expand. In addition, these ants are considered to be a serious public health problem by many. Continuation of the group under the auspices of both research and extension directors is proposed.

4. Objectives:
   1. Provide a forum for all persons interested in IFA to present their findings and exchange ideas.
   2. Facilitate planning and coordination of research and extension projects/programs.
   3. Provide scientists and specialists a convenient means for communicating results of their efforts through publication of an annual proceeding.

5. Procedural Plan: In association with the Annual Imported Fire Ant Research Conference, a Technical Committee consisting of the Chair, Chair-Elect and Secretary, each elected to a one-year term, will conduct the affairs of the SERA-IEG. The Research Conference rotates from state to state annually, and the Program Planning Committee Chair for the Conference will serve as SERA-IEG Chair during that year. The Chair selects can appoint a Secretary and designate the Chair-Elect at the end of the Research Conference, when the decision is made where to have the conference in the following year.

6. Internal and External Linkages:
   • Disciplines: Entomology (Agricultural; Medical & Veterinary; Pest Managment; Biological Control; Insect Physiology; Behavior; Urban; Ecology; Taxonomy & Systematics); Molecular Biology; Chemistry (Biochemistry; Organic Chemistry; Pesticide Chemistry); Wildlife Biology and Management; Agricultural Economics
   • Agencies/Organizations: State Agricultural Experiment Stations; State Cooperative Extension Services; Other Universities (Public & Private); State Departments of Agriculture and Other State Regulatory Agencies; USDA - ARS; USDA - APHIS/PPQ; USEPA
   • Industrial Firms: Agricultural Chemical Manufacturers and Equipment Manufacturers

7. Performance Goals: To continue conducting the Annual Fire Ant Research Conference to facilitate exchange of scientific information releated to the red imported fire ant.

8. Education Plan: Continue to develop, release and distribute the Proceedings of the Annual Imported Fire Ant Research Conference.

9. Governance (Officers): See item V.

10. Origin of the request: Dr. Ray Frisbie, Head, Department of Entomology, Texas A&M Universitty, College Station, TX 77843-2475

11. Duration: 5-Years Requested with next termination occurring September 30, 2006.

Reviewer Comments: n/a Final SAAESD and ASRED Action: Approved renewal to 2006. Numerical Identifier Assigned: SERA-IEG-26 AES Administrative Advisor Appointed: Ray Frisbie, TX (AES) and Mike French, AR (CES)

Request #0.11 - Extend S-277
Checklist:
Type of Activity Proposed: Extend
Action Requested: One-year extension of S-277
Submitted by: David Morrison, LA
Date Submitted to Executive Director: 7/31/01
Requested Advisory Committee Reviews: n/a

Proposal:

A one-year extension of S-277 (to September 30, 2003) is requested to provide opportunity for more complete data collection, which will enhance the probability of obtaining conclusive results upon data analysis. Objectives of the project are: 1) to evaluate reproduction and maternal performance of F1 cows sired by Brahman and Brahman-derivative sire breeds and British-sired backcross cows, 2) to evaluate reproduction and maternal performance of topcross cows sired by subtropically adapted sire breeds in subtopical and temperate regions of the U.S., and 3) to evaluate reproduction and maternal performance of cows having divergent maternal additive effects. Justification for the extension request for the specific objectives is for the following reasons:

Objectives 1 and 3: These objectives involve impact of level of production on subsequent reproductive performance of the cow herd. Level of production differences have been imposed through sire selection based on EPD(weaning weight) at 3 stations (Objective 1) and EPD(MILK) at 6 stations (Objective 3). With regard to Objective 1, an additional year is needed to collect the reproduction data needed to complete the third and fourth production cycles. With regard to Objective 3, 5 of the 6 stations have imposed a level of management stress (for example, endophyte infected fescue/no endophyte infected fescue) on high- and low- milking cows. Another year of data collection is needed to clarify reproduction differences between the two cow genetic types when managed under stressful and non-stressful environments and will provide additional data to examine the interaction between cow genetic type and management.

Objective 2: The project committee members involved in this objective request extension of time (one year) for the current regional project in order to increase sample size to insure conclusive results and greater connectivity among sire breed x location cells representing a wide range of environmental conditions. Data on reproduction and maternal performance of topcross cows continues to be obtained at several locations. It is anticipated that this extension will improve the quality of data contributing to this objective and result in a stronger final publication that will be of significant value in application and solution of problems in beef cattle breeding in subtropical regions of the U.S.

Reviewer Comments: MRC approves request. Final SAAESD Action: 8/8/01 - Submitted to CSREES. Approved extension to 2002. Numerical Identifier Assigned: n/a AES Administrative Advisor Appointed: n/a

Request #0.12 - Establish DC to replace S-271
Checklist:
Type of Activity Proposed: Development Committee
Action Requested: Establish DC for replacement of S-271
Submitted by: Neal Thompson, FL
Date Submitted to Executive Director: 8/10/01
Requested Advisory Committee Reviews: AC-1, AC-5, AC-11, AC-12

Proposal:

1. Title: Water Quality Methodology for Crop Protection Chemicals

2. Accomplishments: Work was conducted to determine whether solid phase extraction(SPE) disks could be used to extract pesticides from water samples at one site, then be shipped to another site for analysis. Results indicated that shipping disks eliminated problems associated with the shipment of water samples, and possible pesticide degradation. Shipping the disks did not affect the recovery of atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and metolachlor, whereas recovery results were variable with bromocil (Mueller et al. 2000. J.AOAC 83:1327-1333).

3. Statement of Issue(s) and Justification: Isolation of pesticides from water presents many different problems. Often large volumes of water have been refrigerated and transported to analytical laboratories which can be expensive and make results difficult to obtain without interferences and breakage. Possible pesticide degradation of the sample prior to analysis and the EPA suggestion that analysis be accomplished within 24 hours also impose complicating factors. In addition, some analyses consume large volumes of solvents which become hazardous wastes which must be disposed of properly. Four pesticides have been previously evaluated. Expansion of the range of compounds that can be analyzed using SPE is necessary. Pesticides are of common interest to all participants in this project; however, the techniques to be examined will be useful for many other organic chemicals including those of interest in agriculture such as allelochemicals, mycotoxins, pheromones, plant growth regulators, and animal and secondary plant products as well as those associated with various industrial pollutants. The project will contribute to GRPA Goals and Objectives 2.2; 4.2; and 4.3. No individual state is able to undertake the breadth of this activity and the interchange of samples and information will benefit future analytical sampling methodology for researchers and analytical facilities.

4. Objectives:
   1. Compare and evaluate various solid phase extraction techniques using disk, fiber and cartridge devices for sampling water for a wide range of crop protection chemicals.
   2. Investigate the storage stability and transportability of crop protection chemicals extracted utilizing various SPE matrices for application to field extraction procedures.
   3. Investigate the problems associated with the usefulness of successful SPE matrices for investigations involving turbid water samples.
   4. Investigate the feasibility of using developed procedures for field extractions for crop protection chemicals.

5. Procedural Plan: To compare the use of Speedisk C18 and Speedisk C18XF with previously investigated Empore disks for the extraction and transport of pesticides from distilled water, each site will extract three non-fortified distilled water samples and three fortified samples using each of the matrices on site. In addition three non-fortified and three fortified distilled water samples utilizing each matrix will be extracted and then shipped to a corresponding site.. These tests will indicate the variability of recovery percentages associated with the different C18 disks set-ups. In addition, standards for addition to samples will be made up at one site and shipped to all other sites for spiking of samples of local water. These tests will indicate the variability of recovery percentages associated with the turbidity of various water samples and also the possibility for utilizing the Speedisk C18XF with turbid samples from various sites without prefiltration. Additional testing will be conducted on new SPE technology as it becomes available. One such possibility is the multi-fiber which has been developed and tested in one of the cooperators laboratories but that is not yet commercially available.

6. Internal and External Linkages: Proposed project members as follows will work on RPA/FOS/SOI - 133/7299/2000 and RPA/FOS - 112/0210 for approximately 0.1 SY commitment each:
   Melissa B. Riley, Clemson Univ., Plant Path & Physiol, mbriley@clemson.edu
   Jose A. Dumas Rodriquez, PR Agriculture Exp Stn, Pesticide Research Lab, josedumas@hotmail.com
   Tom Mueller, University of Tennessee, Plant & Soil Science, tmueller@utk.edu
   Scott Senseman, Texas A & M Univ, Soil & Crop Science, s-senseman@tamu.edu
   Roddy Young, VPI, Biochemistry, ryoung@vt.edu
   Wondi Mersie, Virginia State Univ, Agricultural Res Stn, wmersie@vsu.edu
   John Mattice, Univ of Arkansas, Crop Soil & Environ Sci, jmattice@comp.uark.edu
   Ross Leidy, North Carolina State, Pesticide Research Lab, ross-leidy@ncsu.edu
   Lloyd Southwick, USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Res. Baton Rouge, LA, lsouthwick@ars.usda.gov
   Don Wauchope, USDA-ARS, Coastal Plain Exp Stn, Tifton, GA, don@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu
   Joseph H. Massey, Mississippi State Univ., Plant and Soil Sciences, jmassey@pss.msstate.edu

7. Performance Goal(s): The need for new methodologies to improve the sensitivity and applicability of new procedures to the analysis of these chemicals is vital as well as validation of these procedures. This research will improve method reliability and sensitivity, develop methodologies that can be easily used in field situations, and reduce solvent usage for chemical extractions.
   1. Output Indicators:
   2. Outcome Indicators:

8. Educational Plan: Results from this research will be delivered at appropriate scientific societal meetings to inform attendees of the work and also published in refereed journals for use by scientists involved in analytical and regulatory activities.

9. Governance (Officers): Voting members of the project are eligible for office regardless of sponsoring agency affiliation. Each office must be held by a separate individual. The elected Chair in consultation with the Administrative Advisor, notifies the project members of the time and place of meetings, prepares the agenda, and presides at meetings concerning the project. Term of office is one year. The Vice-Chair/Secretary records minutes and performs other duties as assigned by project members of the Administrative Advisor, and is responsible for the preparation and submission of the Minutes and Annual Report of the Multi-State Research Project. Term of office is one year. The Host Member arranges facilities for the annual meeting. The host member is a resident of the site for the meeting and makes local arrangements for lodging. Term of office is one year.

10. Origin of Request: This multi-state research project is requested by the members of the S-271 technical committee with the concurrence of Neal P. Thompson, FL, as Administrative Advisor.

Reviewer Comments: AC-11 approves. AC-5 has no comments. AC-12 noted no entomologists included, thus little interest in reviewing. AC-1 no response received. Executive Committee approves. Final SAAESD Action: Approves DC Numerical Identifier Assigned: DC-01-03 AES Administrative Advisor Appointed: Neal Thompson, FL

Request #0.13 - Establish DC to replace S-284
Checklist:
Type of Activity Proposed: DC
Action Requested: Establish
Submitted by: Nancy Cox
Date Submitted to Executive Director: 10/26/01
Requested Advisory Committee Reviews:11/05/01

Proposal:

1. Title: Genetic Selection and Crossbreeding to Enhance Reproduction and Survival of Dairy Cattle

2. Accomplishments: This activity replaces the current S-284 Project Genetic Enhancement of Health and Survival for Dairy Cattle. The objectives of that project were to
   1. Develop genetic methods to improve immune function and resistance to mastitis
   2. Identify genetic components of prepartum and postpartum complications associated with general health and reproduction, and
   3. Develop breeding indexes for improved health, survival, and production.

   This project has produced new methods to achieve each objective and has resulted in over 20 refereed publications each year (a list of publications are available at http://www.ans.iastate/edu/S284/. )

3. Statement of Issue(s) and Justification: The project participants have assessed stakeholder needs by collecting research priorities from milk producers, the artificial insemination industry, dairy breed organizations, milk processors, and dairy cooperatives. The Southern Region Priority, D. Value-added plant and animal genes in conventional breeding and molecular biology is the most appropriate priority for this work, although the objectives also allow for significant contribution to priorities I A. Integrated and sustainable agricultural production systems and I.I Health and well-being of food animals.

   Genetic evaluations for reproduction as a trait of the cow have not been available in the United States. Reproductive performance is decreasing, and part of this decline is due to genetic contributions to correlated traits, if not directly to genetic merit for reproduction. Inbreeding is increasing in the Holstein and Jersey populations producing milk in the United States. To address new genetic indices for reproduction, large data sets and multi-state efforts are essential. The team of research and extension personnel addressing this problem are from the Midwest and the South and their efforts cover most of the dairy producing states. The close working relationships of this group foster design, analysis and interpretation of large data sets for creating genetic indexes. No individual station has sufficient resources to make appropriate progress for research on the effects of crossbreeding. There is opportunity to plan and conduct high-quality scientific experiments if stations work together. The collective capabilities of the group ensure success with respect to technical issues.

4. Objectives:
   • Reproduction and Survival
   • Breeding Goals
   • Crossbreeding

5. Procedural Plan:
   • Objective 1: Reproduction and Survival

     The project proposes to evaluate genetic control of reproductive performance through use of field data collected routinely through the DHI system. A point of emphasis will be an effort to identify those reproductive data most likely to be useful for genetic evaluations. Field data are often permeated with missing and/or erroneous data. Data editing procedures and methods to verify authenticity of reproductive data will be examined and implemented into genetic studies and estimation of breeding values for reproductive traits. Dairy producers are using estrus synchronization programs to avoid the management burdens of heat detection. These programs have dramatic and non-genetic effects on certain traits such as interval to first breeding. Even conception rate may have a different definition for herds practicing estrus synchronization compared to traditional AI breeding approaches. This objective of the project will examine ways to detect such practices in field data and evaluate the impact of those practices on estimation of variance components, estimation of breeding values, and relationships to other traits.

     Genetic evaluations for reproduction as a trait of the cow have not been available in the United States. A major effort will be made to develop such an evaluation. This effort will begin with estimation of variance components and continue with model building for accurate estimation of breeding values. A female component for calving ease is of interest.

     Survival studies will be continued in the new project. A project examining effects of inbreeding on measures of reproductive performance will be completed. Studies of early calfhood survival will continue at one institution, with results possibly contributing to the objective on breeding goals. The incidence of health disorders in young animals will be a focus of at least one cooperating institution. Another institution will continue current studies of incidence and prevention of Johnnes disease. Other efforts will focus on optimal methods to measure survival, such as comparisons of productive life measured by 10-month intervals in individual lactations to complete lactations regardless of months in milk.

   • Objective 2: Breeding goals

     The one question in dairy cattle breeding that we can be sure will never be completely answered is what traits should farmers work to improve through selection? That question remains a major objective of the revised project. Research efforts will be made to define the proper role for reproductive traits in the current Merit indexes used by USDA in national genetic evaluations. Weightings for somatic cell score evaluations in current Merit index calculations may be too low and efforts will be made to improve the accuracy of those weights.

     Current Merit index weights for production traits are net weights after accounting in a simplistic way for feed costs of production of milk, fat, and protein. One project will be to improve the method of estimating feed costs for milk components, with the expected result that residual economic values will more closely represent field conditions.

     One major deficiency of breeding goals as defined by USDA Merit equations is that there is no distinction made between cows that achieve high levels of production by increased feed intake and those that achieve high production by mobilization of body reserves. The genetics of energy balance and metabolic stress in the dairy cow has been a subject of interest in Europe in recent years, but work in this country has been limited. The proposed project intends to address this issue in several ways including examination of fat percentages in milk in early lactation and body condition scores.

   • Objective 3: Crossbreeding

     The new project will include a major effort to develop crossbreeding herds in several locations, with the overall objective of comparing lifetime economic merit of crossbreds to purebred controls from the same foundation animals. The mating scheme proposed is to cross Jersey cows to both Holstein and Jersey bulls and Holstein cows to both Holstein and Jersey bulls, with the same bulls and cows contributing to crossbred and control groups. Our intent is to plan for group sizes of 20 to 40 per herd, with herds from at least four institutions involved. In addition, other stations will contribute to two of the four groups by use of Holstein and Jersey bulls on Jersey cows or Holstein and Jersey bulls on Holstein cows. Efforts will be made to provide genetic connections between bulls used in the different locations, most likely by use of some of the same bulls or by use of half brothers.

     Emphasis in the early years of these new studies will be on early calfhood survival, growth, reproductive performance, and estrus behavior of the growing dairy animal. As these animals mature and enter milking herds, data collection will expand to performance traits, but emphasis will continue on calving difficulty, health, reproduction, and fitness traits. The design of matings will include consideration of possible use of animals produced for various kinds of genome analysis.

     Many farmers are already milking crossbred dairy animals. The proposed project will attempt to utilize field data to the fullest extent possible to characterize performance of the various crosses available. One project will involve crosses of French dairy breeds on both Holsteins and Jerseys in large California herds. USDA has already published some work on crossbred records passing edits, and future efforts with these data are planned. Investigators in other stations will attempt to identify possible cooperator herds that might contribute useful data to this effort. Where possible, data or results will be pooled for a more comprehensive examination of currently available information.

6. Internal and External Linkages: The project will involve collaborations with and among artificial insemination businesses, breed associations, dairy producers and dairy cooperatives. The project will involve the Dairy Herd Improvement Association and researchers and extension personnel from animal breeding, reproductive physiology and agricultural economics. Participating states include Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Nebraska, Wisconsin, USDA-ARS, and New York (more may participate).

7. Performance Goal(s):
   1. Output Indicators:
      1. New selection indexes including traits that are difficult to assess such health, reproduction, and economic fitness will be produced.
      2. Assessment of effects of crossbreeding on cow and calf health, reproductive efficiency, and longevity will be determined through collaborative efforts.
   2. Outcome Indicators: Profitability of producing milk will increase due to reduced expenses associated with productivity of females.

8. Educational Plan: Underrepresented communities may particularly benefit from the objectives involving reduced input costs associated with animal health and reproduction. Also, fitter animals will be appropriate for lower input systems, such as forage-based production systems.

9. Governance (Officers): The Chair is Bennet Cassell of Virginia. Roger Shanks of Illinois serves as Secretary and will become Chairman in 2002. The Secretary elect for 2002 is Gary Rogers of Tennessee.

10. Origin of Request: The request is submitted by the members of S-284:
    Illinois - R.D. Shanks
    Indiana - M.M. Schutz
    Iowa - P.J. Berger
    Louisiana - R.W. Adkinson
    Maryland (USDA-ARS-AIPL) - P.M. VanRaden
    Minnesota - L.B. Hansen
    Nebraska - J.F. Keown
    New York - Tony Oltenacu
    North Carolina - B.T. McDaniel
    Tennessee - G.W. Rogers
    Virginia Tech - B.G. Cassell
    Wisconsin - G.E. Shook

Reviewer Comments: AC-2 unanimously approves; AC-5 indicates this project predominately outside their interest area, therefore no review. Executive Committee approves. Final SAAESD Action: Approves 12/05/01. Numerical Identifier Assigned: DC01-04 AES Administrative Advisor Appointed: N. M. Cox, KY